Cardiac Output Measurement by Thermal Dilution

Sørensen, M.K.; Bille-Brahe, N. E.; Engell, H. C.

doi:10.1097/00000658-197601000-00014

Cited by 80 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, it requires a greater sensitivity in the recording thermistor and a greater volume of injectate (SORENSEN et al, 1975;CALLAGHAN et al, 1976;LEVETT and REPLOGLE, 1979). In species with high CO such as cattle or horses, large amounts of indicator have to be injected in order to obtain a satisfactory thermodilution curve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in the field of both research and clinical applications, CO has mostly to be measured in conscious cattle. This state of consciousness is known to induce greater variability in CO measurements, especially in uncooperative subjects like children or animals ( OLSON et al, 1970;SORENSEN et al, 1975;KOHANNA and CUNNINGHAM, 1977). As data enabling the validation of the thermodilution technique in conscious cattle are unavailable, in this study the effects of temperature, volume, rate, means and sites of the indicator injection on the accuracy and the reproducibility of the CO measurement by the thermodilution technique were tested in the unsedated calf, using the Fick method as a standard.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Validation of the Thermodilution Technique for the Estimation of the Cardiac Output in the Unsedated Calf

Amory

Lindén

Desmecht

et al. 1991

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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Summary The purpose of this study was to establish a standardized protocol in order to obtain accurate and reproducible cardiac output (CO) measurements by the thermodilution technique in the unsedated calf. In 5 healthy calves, the effect of various temperatures, volumes, rates, means and sites of injection of the thermal indicator were tested for their effect on accuracy and reproducibility of CO measurement by the thermodilution technique, the Fick method being used as the standard technique. Five milliliters of an iced 5% dextrose solution per 100 kg body weight constituted the correct amount of thermal indicator. Manual injection of the indicator bolus and/or injection of this bolus through the proximal lumen of a thermodilution Swan‐Ganz catheter gave poor results of CO measurements by the thermodilution technique. On the other hand, results of CO measurements were highly reliable when the bolus injection was performed by an ECG‐synchronized injection pump and/or through a right atrial catheter with a larger diameter and a shorter length than the classical Swan‐Ganz catheter. It was concluded that an iced 5% solution of dextrose (5 ml/100 kg body weight) injectated through a right atrial catheter by an ECG‐synchronized pump gives the most accurate and reproducible CO measurements by the thermodilution technique in unsedated calves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Thermodilution Technique for the Estimation of the Cardiac Output in the Unsedated Calf

Amory

Lindén

Desmecht

et al. 1991

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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“…Until the early 1970s, the techniques for measuring cardiac hemodynamics were mostly based upon invasive methods, such as the Swan-Ganz catheter [ 6 – 8 ]. However, the clinical value of invasive hemodynamic monitoring in preeclampsia is debatable [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal cardiovascular hemodynamics in normotensive versus preeclamptic pregnancies: a prospective longitudinal study using a noninvasive cardiac system (NICaS™)

Lavie

Ram

Lev

et al. 2018

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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BackgroundPreeclampsia is among the most common medical complications of pregnancy. The clinical utility of invasive hemodynamic monitoring in preeclampsia (e.g., Swan-Ganz catheter) is controversial. Thoracic impedance cardiography (TIC) and Doppler echocardiography are noninvasive techniques but they both have important limitations. NICaS™ (NI Medical, PetachTikva, Israel) is a noninvasive cardiac system for determining cardiac output (CO) that utilizes regional impedance cardiography (RIC) by noninvasively measuring the impedance signal in the periphery. It outperformed any other impedance cardiographic technology and was twice as accurate as TIC.MethodsWe used the NICaS™ system to compare the hemodynamic parameters of women with severe preeclampsia (PET group, n = 17) to a cohort of healthy normotensive pregnant women with a singleton pregnancy at term (control group, n = 62) (1/2015–6/2015). Heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), CO, total peripheral resistance (TPR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured 15–30 min before CS initiation, immediately after administering spinal anesthesia, immediately after delivery of the fetus and placenta, at the abdominal fascia closure and within 24–36 and 48–72 h postpartum.ResultsThe COs before and during the CS were significantly higher in the control group compared to the PET group (P < .05), but reached equivalent values within 24–36 h postpartum. CO peaked at delivery of the newborn and the placenta and started to decline afterwards in both groups. The MAP and TPR values were significantly higher in the PET group at all points of assessment except at 48–72 h postpartum when it was still significantly higher for MAP while the TPR only exhibited a higher trend but not statistically significant. The NICaS™ device noninvasively demonstrated low CO and high TPR profiles in the PET group compared to controls.ConclusionsThe immediate postpartum period is accompanied by the most dramatic hemodynamic changes and fluid shifts, during which the parturient should be closely monitored. The NICaS™ device may help the clinician to customize the most optimal management for individual parturients. Our findings require validation by further studies on larger samples.

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“…Erro neous temperature measurements have also been noted in lengthy experiments due to deposition of fibrin over the catheter sensor [23] . Another source of variability is that the cooler blood which is drawn into the right heart during inspiration results in pulmonary arterial temperature fluctuation [24],…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Cardiac Output Measurements with Noninvasive Doppler Echocardiography by Thermodilution and Fick Methods in Newborn Piglets

Welch

Duara²,

Suguihara

et al. 1994

Neonatology

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Since cardiac output measured by the noninvasive pulsed Doppler technique has not been well correlated to results from the invasive thermodilution or Fick methods in neonates, the three methods were evaluated in 6 sedated newborn piglets (age < 7 days, weight 1.5 ± 0.7 kg) in room air and after 10 min of hypoxia. Doppler velocities were measured in the ascending aorta, and the aortic root diameter was measured in early diastole. A Swan-Ganz catheter in the left pulmonary artery sampled mixed venous blood for central venous O₂ content and measured cardiac output by thermodilution. Oxygen consumption was measured by the open-circuit technique and used to determine cardiac output by the Fick method. In room air, values obtained by pulsed Doppler, thermodilution and Fick methods (0.270 ± 0.05, 0.246 ± 0.05 and 0.241 ± 0.05 liters/kg/min, respectively) were similar, with a correlation coefficient (r) between Doppler and thermodilution values of 0.89, Doppler and Fick values of 0.82 and thermodilution and Fick values of 0.88. Although hypoxia sometimes produced larger differences between paired values, correlation coefficients remained high (Doppler echocardiography vs. thermodilution, r = 0.96; Doppler vs. Fick methods, r = 0.92; thermodilution vs. Fick method, r = 0.95). The mean ± SD of the percent difference between values obtained by Doppler echocardiography and thermodilution was 4.2 ± 14.4% in room air and 12.8 ± 14.4% in hypoxia, whereas differences in values obtained by Doppler and Fick methods was 6 ± 14.9% in room air and 14.7 ± 8.5% with hypoxia. We conclude that pulsed Doppler echocardiography correlates well with the standard invasive methods for measuring cardiac output during normoxia and hypoxia in newborns, but a greater variability between individual results is sometimes seen during hypoxia.

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Cardiac Output Measurement by Thermal Dilution

Cited by 80 publications

References 11 publications

Validation of the Thermodilution Technique for the Estimation of the Cardiac Output in the Unsedated Calf

Validation of the Thermodilution Technique for the Estimation of the Cardiac Output in the Unsedated Calf

Maternal cardiovascular hemodynamics in normotensive versus preeclamptic pregnancies: a prospective longitudinal study using a noninvasive cardiac system (NICaS™)

Validation of Cardiac Output Measurements with Noninvasive Doppler Echocardiography by Thermodilution and Fick Methods in Newborn Piglets

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