Cardiac Output Measurement Using Ballistocardiogram

Kurumaddali, Bharath; Marimuthu, Ganesan; Venkatesh, Swathi; Suresh, Rohit; Syam, B. S.; Suresh, Vyshak

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02913-9_222

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The BCG derived signal features have been shown to correlate well with the pre-ejection period–the isovolumetric contraction period of the cardiac cycle [14] , [15] –a surrogate measure of myocardial contractility [10] , [16] . Other empirical studies have also shown BCG features to be related to cardiac output changes [17] . However, since the BCG is a measure of body forces , the understanding of the precise origin of the BCG signal, and in particular how the signal mathematically relates to arterial blood pressure and aortic blood flow , is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Elucidating the Hemodynamic Origin of Ballistocardiographic Forces: Toward Improved Monitoring of Cardiovascular Health at Home

Javaid

Ashouri

Tridandapani

et al. 2016

IEEE J. Transl. Eng. Health Med.

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The ballistocardiogram (BCG), a signal describing the reaction forces of the body to cardiac ejection of blood, has recently gained interest in the research community as a potential tool for monitoring the mechanical aspects of cardiovascular health for patients at home and during normal activities of daily living. An important limitation in the field of BCG research is that while the BCG signal measures the forces of the body, the information desired (and understood) by clinicians and caregivers, regarding mechanical health of the cardiovascular system, is typically expressed as blood pressure or flow. This paper aims to explore, using system identification tools, the mathematical relationship between the BCG signal and the better-understood impedance cardiography (ICG) and arterial blood pressure (ABP) waveforms, with a series of human subject studies designed to asynchronously modulate cardiac output and blood pressure and with different magnitudes. With this approach, we demonstrate for 19 healthy subjects that the BCG waveform more closely maps to the ICG (flow) waveform as compared with the finger-cuff-based ABP (pressure) waveform, and that the BCG can provide a more accurate estimate of stroke volume (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}$r=0.73$ \end{document}, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}$p < 0.05$ \end{document}) as compared with pulse pressure changes (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}$r = 0.26$ \end{document}). We also examined, as a feasibility study, for one subject, the ability to calibrate the BCG measurement tool with an ICG measurement on the first day, and then track changes in stroke volume on subsequent days. Accordingly, we conclude that the BCG is a signal more closely related to blood flow than pressures, and that a key health parameter for titrating care—stroke volume—can potentially be accurately measured with BCG signals at home using unobtrusive and inexpensive hardware, such as a modified weighing scale, as compared with the state-of-the-art ICG and ABP devices, which are expensive and obtrusive for use at home.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Elucidating the Hemodynamic Origin of Ballistocardiographic Forces: Toward Improved Monitoring of Cardiovascular Health at Home

Javaid

Ashouri

Tridandapani

et al. 2016

IEEE J. Transl. Eng. Health Med.

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“…Recently, research on BCG has reemerged thanks to the technological advancements that reduced in size the sensors. Thus, waveform features extracted from BCG sensors located on a bathroom scale 22,23 , on the seat of a chair 24 , and on body surface 25 have been reported to track changes in CO. The amplitude of the BCG waveform recorded by sensors located on a force plate 26 and on the wrist 27 has been found to be positively correlated with CO. BCG acquired by sensors installed on home bathroom scale 28 , on a static-charge-sensitive bed 29 , and on the wrist 27 has even been suggested as a surrogate measure of heart contractility.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cardiac output estimation using ballistocardiography: a feasibility study in healthy subjects

Svensøy,

Alonso,

Elola

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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There is no reliable automated non-invasive solution for monitoring circulation and guiding treatment in prehospital emergency medicine. Cardiac output (CO) monitoring might provide a solution, but CO monitors are not feasible/practical in the prehospital setting. Non-invasive ballistocardiography (BCG) measures heart contractility and tracks CO changes. This study analyzed the feasibility of estimating CO using morphological features extracted from BCG signals. In 20 healthy subjects ECG, carotid/abdominal BCG, and invasive arterial blood pressure based CO were recorded. BCG signals were adaptively processed to isolate the circulatory component from carotid (CCc) and abdominal (CCa) BCG. Then, 66 features were computed on a beat-to-beat basis to characterize amplitude/duration/area/length of the fluctuation in CCc and CCa. Subjects’ data were split into development set (75%) to select the best feature subset with which to build a machine learning model to estimate CO and validation set (25%) to evaluate model’s performance. The model showed a mean absolute error, percentage error and 95% limits of agreement of 0.83 L/min, 30.2% and − 2.18–1.89 L/min respectively in the validation set. BCG showed potential to reliably estimate/track CO. This method is a promising first step towards an automated, non-invasive and reliable CO estimator that may be tested in prehospital emergencies.

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