Cardiac Responses of Immunosympathectomized Mice

Wenzel, Bernice M.; Carson, Virginia G.; Chase, Kenneth W.

doi:10.2466/pms.1966.23.3.1009

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These results, as well as our earlier ones (Wenzel et al, 1966), are in striking contrast to those of Hofer, Engel, and Weiner (1971), who found no differences between IS and control rats in either OF activity or regulation of cardiac rate. Hofer et al concluded that certain sympathetic cardiac fibers, which reach the sino-atrial node before birth, were spared by the antiserum and permitted normal regulation except under the more severe stress of asphyxia.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

“…The values for intact animals were similar to those found previously, recorded before and after a weak 2-sec. footshock (Wenzel et al, 1966). Neither immunosympathectomy nor adrenal medullectomy prevented an increase above resting levels as a result of handling for telemeter attachment (Home Pan 1: 0 min.)…”

Section: Open Fieldmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The published experiments have not included simultaneous recording from any of these organs, so that no direct sup-449 port for the hypothesis is available. Evidence has been presented, however, for altered functioning of the cardiovascular system and adrenal medulla (Brody, 1972;Wenzel, Carson, & Chase, 1966). The function of the paravertebral ganglion cells is mimicked to some extent by the adrenal medulla, which apparently is unaffected by antinerve growth factor.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Telemetered heart rates of immunosympathectomized and/or adrenal-medullectomized mice during behavioral tasks.

Carson¹,

Wenzel²

1974

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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The effects of immunosympathectomy and/or adrenal medulleotomy in mice were studied in the open field and in each animal's home environment. Heart rates (HRs) were monitored via telemetry. Mobility and defecation in the open field were not significantly affected by either immunosympathectomy or adrenal medullectomy. Adrenal medullectomy did affect the relationships between HR and mobility or defecation. The negative correlation between HR and activity of adrenal-intact (AI) animals became insignificantly positive for adrenal-medullectomized (AM) animals. Defecating control AI animals had high HRs, and defecating immunosympathectomized (IS) AM animals had low HRs. The IS mice were able to achieve HRs as high as those of control animals (> 800 bpm) when stressed, but these HRs became significantly lower than those of control mice in a short time.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

Section: Open Fieldmentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Telemetered heart rates of immunosympathectomized and/or adrenal-medullectomized mice during behavioral tasks.

Carson¹,

Wenzel²

1974

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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“…The finding that heart rate for the 6-OH group returned to base-line levels at 10-20 sec. after the preshocks, while that of the normal group remained elevated, agrees with the reports of shock effects on heart rate in ambient immunosympathectomized mice (Wenzel, Carson, & Chase, 1966), and is probably indicative not of more effective vagal activity in the 6-OH group due to the lack of sympathetic competition but rather simply to their reduced sympathetic activity. The heart-rate increase to stimulation of cardiac sympathetic nerves can last for up to 20 sec.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Acute sympathectomy by 6-hydroxydopamine in the adult rat: Effects on cardiovascular conditioning and fear retention.

Pappas¹,

DiCara²,

Miller³

1972

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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Curarized rats, chemically sympathectomized by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH), had lower base-line systolic blood pressures but equivalent heart rates to vehicle-injected controls. Maximum blood pressure increase in the vehicle group to unsignaled shock occurred about 2 sec. after shock onset, while in the 6-OH group the increase was smaller, reaching maximum 9 sec. after shock. Heart-rate increases to shock were also attenuated by sympathectomy. After 41 paired or random CS and shock presentations, only the paired vehicle group showed a biphasic pressure increase to the CS. The paired and random 6-OH-treated groups showed equivalent long-latency responses to the CS. No consistent group-conditioned heart-rate responses were observed. The vehicle-and the 6-OH-treated groups did not differ on retention of fear of the CS when tested by a CER procedure 5 days after curarization.

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“…Unlike Sampson's results, no consistent sex differences were found. In another study (Wenzel et al, 1966), mean heart rate of IS mice declined more rapidly in a strange place and after brief electric shock than did that of saline-injected controls.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Behavioral studies of immunosympathectomized mice.

Wenzel¹

1968

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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Behavior of Webster-Swiss mice, with a mean reduction of 88% in paravertebral sympathetic ganglion cells due to daily injection of nerve-growthfactor antiserum during the 1st 6 days of life, was tested over a period of 4 mo. in open field, water maze, shock avoidance, runway with food reward, response to tone, and activity wheel. Control groups were injected with bovine gamma globulin, handled without injection, or left undisturbed. Experimental mice improved less than controls in aversive learning tasks but were comparable to controls in appetitive situations. It was concluded that their altered sympathetic functioning deprived immunosympathectomized mice of internal cues that normally mediate avoidance and escape behavior.The sympathico-adrenomedullary system has repeatedly been implicated in behavior associated with aversive stimuli. Generally positive results have been obtained in experiments with some form of manipulation of this system as the independent variable and some expression of learning or performance in an escape or avoidance task as the dependent variable. A desirable experiment would be one in which the sympathetic system was totally removed but this is a difficult surgical procedure requiring rather complex postoperative care. Except for the experiment by Wynne and Solomon (1955), no one has utilized such a drastic method. In addition to qualitative behavioral differences, they found that dogs were slower to acquire and faster to extinguish a hurdle-crossing avoidance response after removal of their sympathetic chains.

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Cardiac Responses of Immunosympathectomized Mice

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Telemetered heart rates of immunosympathectomized and/or adrenal-medullectomized mice during behavioral tasks.

Telemetered heart rates of immunosympathectomized and/or adrenal-medullectomized mice during behavioral tasks.

Acute sympathectomy by 6-hydroxydopamine in the adult rat: Effects on cardiovascular conditioning and fear retention.

Behavioral studies of immunosympathectomized mice.

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