Cardiac risk stratification in cardiac rehabilitation programs: a review of protocols

Abstract

Objective Gather and describe general characteristics of different protocols of risk stratification for cardiac patients undergoing exercise. Methods We conducted searches in LILACS, IBECS, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and SciELO electronic databases, using the following descriptors: Cardiovascular Disease, Rehabilitation Centers, Practice Guideline, Exercise and Risk Stratification in the past 20 years. Results Were selected eight studies addressing methods of risk stratification in patients undergoing exercise. Conclusion None of the methods described could cover every situation the patient can be subjected to; however, they are essential to exercise prescription.

Standardization and quality improvement of secondary prevention through cardiovascular rehabilitation programmes in Europe: The avenue towards EAPC accreditation programme: A position statement of the Secondary Prevention and Rehabilitation Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC)

“…There are different ways to evaluate the cardiovascular risk of exercise. 59 According to AACVPR, patients can be stratified in three groups: high, intermediate and low risk. 60 A number of parameters are used for this effect, separating the high and low risk, respectively, as follows: Regarding exercise training, exercise prescription needs to be performed by a CR physician (cardiologist), or in some countries initial exercise prescription is performed by a recognised experienced exercise specialist needing medical (CR cardiologist) support and validation (minimal criteria), in order to achieve the expected result and not to harm the patient (see Table 4).…”

Effects of Conventional and Virtual Reality Cardiovascular Rehabilitation in Body Composition and Functional Capacity of Patients with Heart Diseases: Randomized Clinical Trial

“…2,3 Therefore, cardiovascular rehabilitation programs, by use of physical activity, are essential to improve cardiovascular function and aerobic capacity, in addition to providing psychological benefits, risk factor control, improvement in CVD symptoms and mortality reduction. [4][5][6] The advance of cardiovascular rehabilitation has witnessed the incorporation of technology to its methods, with virtual reality (VR) being included into physical therapy protocols 7,8 to boost physical activity practice 9 and encourage the rehabilitation process. 10 Virtual reality uses devices that promote man-machine integration, Virtual rehabilitation for individuals with heart disease Int J Cardiovasc Sci.…”

Design of Smart Brain Oxygenation Monitoring System for Estimating Cardiovascular Disease Severity

“…Based on the technique of NIRS, a smart brain oxygenation monitoring system for estimating cardiovascular disease severity of CVD patients is proposed in this study. Here, the cardiovascular disease severity is classified according to the peak metabolic equivalents (METs) of patients under CPET [11], [12].…”