Cardiac toxicity of acrolein exposure in embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Abstract

Acrolein is a widely distributed pollutant produced from various sources such as industrial waste, organic combustion, and power plant emissions. It is also intentionally released into irrigation canals to control invasive aquatic plants. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has a good reputation for being an attractive model organism for developmental and toxicological research. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to acrolein to investigate the cardiotoxic effects. The 96-h LC 50 (median lethal concentration) value of acrolein was determined as 654.385 μg/L. Then, the embryos were treated with the sublethal experimental concentrations of acrolein (1, 4, 16, 64, and 256 μg/L) for 96 h. Embryos were examined at 48, 72, and 96 h post-fertilization (hpf). Acrolein affected the cardiac morphology and function of the embryos. Sinus venosus-bulbus arteriosus (SV-BA) distance of 64 μg/L and 256 μg/L acrolein groups was elongated compared with the control samples. Immunostaining with MF20 antibody clearly exhibited that the atrium positioned posterior to the ventricle which indicated cardiac looping inhibition. Histological preparations also showed the mispositioning and the lumens of the chambers narrowed. Acrolein-induced increased heart rate was noted in the 4, 16, 64, and 256 μg/L treatment groups. Taken together, these results indicated that acrolein disrupted the heart development and cardiac function in zebrafish, suggesting that its water-borne risks should be considered seriously.

Pulmonary effects of e-liquid flavors: a systematic review

“…Several investigators reported the presence of hazardous carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxal, and acrolein in EC aerosol (Bekki et al 2014 ; Etter, Zäther, and Svensson 2013 ; Ogunwale et al 2017 ; Schober et al 2014 ) and tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA) in e-liquids and their aerosols (Farsalinos et al 2015 ). Acetaldehyde and formaldehyde are recognized carcinogens (Feron et al 1991 ; Roe and Wood 1992 ), and acrolein is a cardiovascular toxicant (Arman and İşisağ Üçüncü 2020 ; DeJarnett et al 2014 ). Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines are carcinogenic compounds formed from the curing and processing of tobacco leaves through nitrosation of nicotine and related tobacco alkaloids (Bush et al 2001 ; Wang et al 2017 ).…”

Blood Flow Disturbance and Morphological Alterations Following the Right Atrial Ligation in the Chick Embryo

“…This advanced in vivo imaging method has been widely used to assess changes in embryonic hemodynamics under normal and stressed conditions during the early developmental stages ( Midgett and Rugonyi, 2014 ; Yalcin et al, 2017 ; Benslimane et al, 2020 ; Salman and Yalcin, 2020 ). Another technique widely considered to access structural damages in different organ tissues is histology ( Naïja et al, 2017 , 2018 ; Arman and Üçüncü, 2020 ). In chick embryos, Sedmera et al (2002) and Tobita and Keller (2000) highlighted the importance of the histopathological technique in detecting abnormalities of heart macroelements.…”