Cardiac veins: A review of the literature

Loukas, Marios; Bilinsky, Samuel; Bilinsky, Esther; El-Sedfy, Abraham; Anderson, Robert H.

doi:10.1002/ca.20745

Cited by 83 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Similar data have been reported in other studies [13][14], however these same contrasts are described by Pejkovic [12], who mentions that this vascular structure is also found in buffalo, goat and pig, and starts and begins in the apical groove. Likewise, the size of this structure was described, finding higher value than reported by other authors [11] (5.36 ± 1.04 mm vs. 3.73 ± 0.79 mm).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Study of coronary sinus and its tributaries in pigs

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Introduction:Similarities between the bodies of pigs and humans have encouraged studies in comparative anatomy, trying to describe in detail the anatomical variations that could influence in the xenotransplantation; given that advances in genetics, immunology and biotechnology are large, this possibility is not far. The objective of this work was to make contributions to the vascular study of porcine heart. Methodology: 60 porcine hearts, with an average of five months old and weighing 85-95kg, were obtained from plant Vijagual. After receipt hearts were kept in water for six hours, then they were perfused with polyester resin semi-synthetic and mineral blue color, moreover the left coronary artery was perfused with red mineral color. Subsequently, the hearts were subjected to a process of partial corrosion with potassium hydroxide (15%), then the coronary sinus and its tributary branches were dissected from its origin to its distal segments, path, shapes, sizes, anastomosis and presence of registered anatomical variations. Photographic record of the samples was performed. Results: The origin of the distal caliber of Great cardiac vein (5.36 +/-1,04mm) was determined from the apex at 70% of anatomical pieces studied, and the ventricular groove paraconal in 30% of the pieces analyzed. The arteriovenous trigone was found in 58 of the cardiac structures studied (96.66%). Conclusion: The description of the anatomic variations present in the pig heart structure will contribute to the possibility of xenotransplantation and also provides data for the development of studies on cardiovascular surgery and certain diseases of clinical and epidemiological importance.Keywords: cardiac circulation, comparative anatomy, coronary sinus, heart, venous circulation. Estudio del seno coronario y sus tributarias en cerdos Resumen. Introducción: las similitudes entre el cuerpo del cerdo y el del ser humano han fomentado estudios de anatomía comparada que intentan describir en detalle las variaciones anatómicas que podrían tener influencia en los xenotrasplantes. Teniendo en cuenta que los avances en genética, inmunología y biotecnología son grandes, esta no es una posibilidad lejana. El objetivo de este trabajo era contribuir al estudio vascular del corazón porcino. Metodología: 60 corazones porcinos, con un promedio de cinco meses de edad y un peso de 85-95 kg, se obtuvieron de la planta Vijagual. Después de mantener los corazones recibidos en agua durante seis horas, se sometieron a perfusión con resina de poliéster semisintética y color azul mineral. Además, la arteria coronaria izquierda se perfundió con color rojo mineral. Posteriormente, los corazones se sometieron a un proceso de corrosión parcial con hidróxido de potasio (15%) y, luego, el seno coronario y sus ramas tributarias fueron disecados desde su origen hasta sus segmentos distales, registrando trayectorias, formas, tamaños, anastomosis y presencia de variaciones anatómicas. Se realizó un registro fotográfico de las muestras. Resultados: se determinó que el o...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Study of coronary sinus and its tributaries in pigs

et al. 2015

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“…In contrast to that for coronary arteries, the literature for coronary veins is scarce. The clinical importance of the coronary venous system, nevertheless, should not be underestimated [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Coronary Venous System Using 256-Slice Computed Tomography

et al. 2014

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PurposeTo investigate the coronary venous system and its relation to adjacent structures using 256-slice computed tomography (CT).Materials and MethodsThe study consisted of 102 patients who underwent coronary CT angiography (CTA) using 256-slice CT. For each patient, the coronary venous system and its relation to adjacent structures were evaluated. The appropriate locations and diameters of the posterior interventricular vein (PIV), posterior vein of the left ventricle (PVLV) and the left marginal vein (LMV) were detected. The paired student's t test was used to evaluate the difference between the diameter of the coronary sinus (CS) ostium in anteroposterior direction and that in superoinferior direction.ResultsThe CS, great cardiac vein (GCV), PIV, and anterior interventricular vein (AIV) were visualized in all cases. It was possible to evaluate at least one main vein with adequate caliber and regular course for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in 96.1% of these cases. The diameter of the CS ostium in superoinferior direction (11.7±2.1 mm) was larger than that in anteroposterior direction (9.0±2.0 mm) (t = 13.511, P<0.05). For the majority of the cases, the CS-GCV was located above the level of the mitral valve annulus (MVA), while the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) was coursed between the CS-GCV and the MVA. LMV had more intersection with the circumflex or circumflex marginal than PVLV.Conclusion256-slice CT provides superior noninvasive evaluation of the coronary venous system which has important clinical implications.

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“…It begins at the termination of the great cardiac vein (GCV), marked by the valve of Vieussens internally and the small oblique vein or vein of Marshall (OV) externally. Located in the sulcus of the atrio-ventricular groove, the CS runs along the posterior side of the annulus of the left atrium and ends at the Thebesian valve, which marks the CS ostium [14-16]. In this study we focused on material characterization of the CS ostium region about 10 mm from the Thebesian valve, since it is the region that is directly in contact with the proximal anchor stent of a PTMA device.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the mechanical properties of the coronary sinus for percutaneous transvenous mitral annuloplasty

Pham

Sun

2010

Acta Biomaterialia

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The coronary sinus (CS) vessel serves as a conduit for the deployment of percutaneous transvenous mitral annuloplasty (PTMA) devices for the treatment of functional mitral regurgitation. Characterization of the mechanical response of the CS is an important step towards an understanding of tissue–device interaction in PTMA intervention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of the porcine CS using the pressure–inflation test and constitutively model the wall behavior using a four fiber family strain energy function (SEF). The results showed that the CS exhibited an S-shaped pressure–radius response and could be dilated up to 88% at a pressure of 80 mm Hg. Excellent results from model fitting indicated that the four fiber family SEF could capture the experimental data well and could be used in future numerical simulations of tissue–device interaction. In addition, a histological study was performed to identify the micro-structure of the CS wall. We found a high content of striated myocardial fibers (SMFs) surrounding the CS wall, which was also mainly composed of SMFs, while the content of smooth muscle cells was very low. Elastin and collagen fibers were highly concentrated in the luminal and outer layers and sparsely distributed in the medial layer of the CS wall. These structural and mechanical properties of the CS should be taken into consideration in future PTMA device designs.

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Cardiac veins: A review of the literature

Cited by 83 publications

References 63 publications

Study of coronary sinus and its tributaries in pigs

Study of coronary sinus and its tributaries in pigs

Assessment of the Coronary Venous System Using 256-Slice Computed Tomography

Characterization of the mechanical properties of the coronary sinus for percutaneous transvenous mitral annuloplasty

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