Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index as a Predictor of Cognitive Impairment in Community-Dwelling Elderly People: Four-Year Follow-Up

Abstract

Background/Aim: The relation between markers of generalized atherosclerosis and cognitive impairment in old age is controversial. The aim of the study was to evaluate the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) as a predictor of longitudinal changes in cognitive function in older individuals. Methods: We evaluated the cognitive function in elderly people with high (AS(+)) and low (AS(–)) values of CAVI each year over 4 years. Results: The changes in the Hasegawa Dementia Scale Revised (HDS-R) and the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) at 4 years were significantly larger in the AS(+) group (AS(+) vs. AS(–) = –1.8 ± 4.4 vs. 0.3 ± 2.8 points and –1.1 ± 3.0 vs. 0.1 ± 2.3 points, p = 0.008 and 0.03, respectively). The annual changes in the HDS-R were significantly decreased from baseline at 1 year later to 4 years later in AS(+) (baseline vs. 1, 2, 3, 4 years = 26.5 vs. 25.0, 25.5, 25.7, 24.8 points, p < 0.001); in comparison, the annual changes in MMSE significantly decreased from the baseline over the 4 years in AS (+) (baseline vs. 1, 2, 3, 4 years = 26.8 vs. 26.2, 25.8, 26.4, 25.7 points, p = 0.002). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that elderly people with a high CAVI value are at a greater risk of cognitive decline.

Optic Nerve Head Circulation Determined by Pulse Wave Analysis is Significantly Correlated with Cardio Ankle Vascular Index, Left Ventricular Diastolic Function, and Age

“…It was reported that CAVI increases not only with age but also with arteriosclerotic diseases, such as coronary artery disease, carotid arteriosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, and cerebrovascular disease [20][21][22] . Age was significantly correlated with CAVI (r = 0.68, t value = 6.3, p＜0.0001).…”

Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) as a Novel Indicator of Arterial Stiffness: Theory, Evidence and Perspectives

“…Izuhara et al 25) reported that CAVI is indepen- , Izuhara 25) , Miyoshi 26) , Horinaka 27) [Sairaku 29) ] Intima media thickness of cervical artery Nakamura 24) , Ibata 22) , Takaki 20,28) , Izuhara 25) , Miyoshi 26) , Okura 36) , Sairaku 29) , Horinaka 27) , Hayashi 38) Chronic kidney disease [Mortality rate in patients with hemodialysis] Izuhara 25) , Kobuzono 30) , Takenaka 31) , Nakamura 32) , Ueyama 33) , Satoh-Asahara 36) [Kato 40) ] Cerebral infarction, Dementia Yamamoto 39) Metabolic syndrome Satoh 55) Diabetes mellitus Ibata 22) , Izuhara 25) , Okura 37) Hypertension Kubozono 21) , Okura 37) , Takaki 42) , Kadota 43) Dyslipidemia Takaki 28) Smoking Kubozono 21) , Noike 62) Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome Kumagai 60) dently associated with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Recently, Miyoshi et al 26) also supported a correlation between CAVI and coronary atherosclerosis.…”

“…In a four-year follow-up study, Yamamoto et al reported 39) that community-dwelling elderly people with a high CAVI value are at a greater risk of cognitive decline. Preliminary study on the relationship between CAVI and cerebrovascular events has been conducted, but not yet published.…”

Silent brain infarct is independently associated with arterial stiffness indicated by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI)

“…8,[19][20][21][22][23][24] Arterial stiffness, as measured by conventional carotidfemoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement, aortic PWV measurement or non-invasive brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) measurement, is associated with microvascular early atherosclerotic changes and is an independent predictor for cardiovascular events and deaths. [1][2][3]7,13,14,[25][26][27][28][29] Furthermore, baPWV can be used to assess for the presence of SBI and WMHs.…”