Optic Nerve Head Circulation Determined by Pulse Wave Analysis is Significantly Correlated with Cardio Ankle Vascular Index, Left Ventricular Diastolic Function, and Age

Abstract

Aim:To determine whether there is a significant correlation between optic nerve head circulation determined by pulse wave analysis of laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG), and the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), left ventricular (LV) function, and age. Methods: Forty-nine men who visited the Vascular Function Section of Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan were studied. The mean age of the subjects was 60.7±10.6 years (range 29 to 80 years). The CAVI, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as a function of the systolic LV function, early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (e'), and the ratio of transmitral early peak velocity (E) to e' (E/e' ratio) as the diastolic LV function, and the optic nerve head circulation determined by pulse wave analysis of the LSFG. This parameter was named the blowout time (BOT). Results: The BOT was significantly correlated with age, heart rate, body mass index (BMI), triglyceride, LVEF, e' velocity, E/e' ratio, and CAVI. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that age was significantly associated with CAVI (r = 0.36, p= 0.002), BOT (r =−0.30, p= 0.01) and e' velocity (r =−0.21, p= 0.04). Conclusions:The BOT of the optic nerve head circulation determined by LSFG was significantly correlated with age but was independent of cardiac diastolic function and arterial stiffness. This suggests that the damage to different organs increases with age. Our results confirmed that BOT can be helpful in evaluating physiological aging of the microcirculation.

The Role of Monitoring Arterial Stiffness with Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in the Control of Lifestyle-Related Diseases

“…Cho et al [77] reported that CAVI combined with age can clinically serve as an objective tool to diagnose blood stasis syndrome in stroke patients. Shiba et al [78] reported that the optic nerve head circulation was significantly correlated with CAVI. This suggests that microcirculation is determined by arterial stiffness.…”

The Role of a Novel Arterial Stiffness Parameter, Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI), as a Surrogate Marker for Cardiovascular Diseases

“…CAVI could be useful for the cardiovascular risk stratification in future guideline of patients with coronary risk factors, although further studies are required to confirm these. Moreover, CAVI has relationships with the left ventricular function 76,77) and retinal artery pulsation 78) . These results suggest that CAVI is an adequate marker of vascular function as Windkessel.…”

Pulse Waveform Changes in Macular Choroidal Hemodynamics With Regression of Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

“…[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Our recent study on CSC demonstrates that the macular MBR increases at the acute stage, 19 reinforcing the suspected role of choroidal hyperperfusion in the development of acute CSC. 10 With recent advances of LSFG, various parameters can be automatically calculated to analyze the pulse waveform of MBR averaged in a single heartbeat, 14,[27][28][29][30][31] including the skew, blowout time (BOT), and acceleration time index (ATI), all of which are expressed as absolute values. These new indices have been reported to reflect the augmentation of blood flow resistance basically due to arterial sclerosis as well as aging (i.e., the skew increases and BOT decreases), [27][28][29][30] showing significant correlations with branchial-ankle pulse wave velocity 27 and the stage of glaucoma.…”

“…10 With recent advances of LSFG, various parameters can be automatically calculated to analyze the pulse waveform of MBR averaged in a single heartbeat, 14,[27][28][29][30][31] including the skew, blowout time (BOT), and acceleration time index (ATI), all of which are expressed as absolute values. These new indices have been reported to reflect the augmentation of blood flow resistance basically due to arterial sclerosis as well as aging (i.e., the skew increases and BOT decreases), [27][28][29][30] showing significant correlations with branchial-ankle pulse wave velocity 27 and the stage of glaucoma. 31 The current study demonstrates functional data to further complement the rationale of circulatory abnormalities as the pathogenesis of CSC, showing sequential changes in these pulse waveform parameters on LSFG.…”