Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test in heart failure: A Sine qua non

Abstract

A robust literature, over the last years, supports the indication of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Understanding exercise physiology is a crucial component of the critical evaluation of exercise intolerance. Shortness of breath and exercise limitation is often treated with an improper focus, partly because the pathophysiology is not well understood in the frame of the diagnostic spectrum of each subspecialty. A vital field and research area have been cardiopulmonary exercise test in heart failure with preserved/reduced ejection fraction, evaluation of heart failure patients as candidates for LVAD-Implantation, as well as for LVAD-Explantation and ultimately for heart transplantation. All the CPET variables provide synergistic prognostic discrimination. However, Peak VO2 serves as the most critical parameter for risk stratification and prediction of survival rate.

Is Long COVID Syndrome a Transient Mitochondriopathy Newly Discovered: Implications of CPET

“…Since all CPET variables can provide a synergistic prognostic discrimination, it can certainly be used for further diagnostic Long COVID Syndrome Cardiol Res. 2022;13(5):264-267 approach, risk stratification and treatment strategy [27].…”

“…Furthermore, unresolved epidemiologic problems about the prevalence of decreased exercise capacity require further investigations and research in a larger scale. Since all CPET variables can provide a synergistic prognostic discrimination, it can certainly be used for further diagnostic approach, risk stratification and treatment strategy [ 27 ].…”

Myosin Modulators: The New Era of Medical Therapy for Systolic Heart Failure and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

“…The ongoing range of research on OM will further highlight its full range of effects and its usefulness in patients with systolic heart failure. In the broad spectrum of studies concerning systolic heart failure, cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) plays a pivotal role in the evaluation of treatment efficacy [ 3 , 15 ].…”