Cardiorespiratory fitness, fatness and incident diabetes

Abstract

High CRF has a stronger protective effect on diabetes among obese than among normal weight men, supporting the recommendation of fitness-enhancing physical activity for preventing diabetes among the obese.

Association Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta‐Analysis

“…The literature search yielded a total of 8,189 unique articles (Figure ). After titles and abstracts were screened and upon full‐text review considering the reasons for exclusion listed in Figure , 15 studies met the inclusion criteria for this meta‐analysis . Notably, two of them were from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study , two were from the Tokyo Gas Study , and two were from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study enrolling only men ; however, they reported different outcomes of interest.…”

“…In addition to being able to predict the risk of all‐cause and disease‐specific mortality , a large body of literature indicates that CRF might be associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes . However, the findings on the magnitude of risk reduction in relation to higher levels of CRF are inconsistent.…”

“…Moreover, several studies with updated outcomes using longer follow‐up data in the general population, or specifically focused on individuals taking statins, have been published since 2015 . Yet concerns remain as to whether a similar association exists in statin users who are vulnerable to the development of type 2 diabetes and whether a higher level of CRF would attenuate or eliminate the increased risk of type 2 diabetes in statin users compared with individuals not taking statins.…”

“…Yet concerns remain as to whether a similar association exists in statin users who are vulnerable to the development of type 2 diabetes and whether a higher level of CRF would attenuate or eliminate the increased risk of type 2 diabetes in statin users compared with individuals not taking statins. In addition to statin use, weight loss has long been considered a cornerstone in the management of cardiometabolic disorders . However, several lines of evidence point out that to reduce mortality risk, employing interventions designed to enhance CRF rather than to promote weight loss is encouraged .…”

Concurrent Relationship of Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Two Different Measures of Obesity in U.S. Adults

“…Physical activity (PA) is a health behavior promoted to all individuals because of its preventive relationship with disease [1,2,3,4,5], its positive relationship with longevity [6,7,8,9,10], and its ability to enhance health-related quality of life (HRQOL) [11,12,13,14]. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a trait possessed by individuals, characterized by the ability to engage in dynamic exercise of at least moderate intensity for prolonged periods [15], and is also related to positive health outcomes [16,17,18,19,20]. Obesity is a growing concern world-wide [21] with health promotion efforts directed toward increasing PA and modifying diet [22,23,24].…”