The IPAQ instruments have acceptable measurement properties, at least as good as other established self-reports. Considering the diverse samples in this study, IPAQ has reasonable measurement properties for monitoring population levels of physical activity among 18- to 65-yr-old adults in diverse settings. The short IPAQ form "last 7 d recall" is recommended for national monitoring and the long form for research requiring more detailed assessment.

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Lee, I. (2016). Does physical activity attenuate, or even eliminate, the detrimental association of sitting time with mortality? A harmonised meta-analysis of data from more than 1 million men and women. The Lancet, 388, s. 1302Lancet, 388, s. -1310 Dette er siste tekst-versjon av artikkelen, og den kan inneholde små forskjeller fra forlagets pdf-versjon. Forlagets pdf-versjon finner du på www.sciencedirect.com: http://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736 (16) MethodsWe included data from 16 studies, of which 14 were identified through a systematic review of six databases from database inception until October 2015 and two were additional unpublished studies where pertinent data were available. All study data were analysed according to a harmonised protocol, which categorized reported daily sitting time and TV-viewing time into four standardised groups each, and physical activity into quartiles. We then combined data across all studies (N=1,005,791) to analyse the joint and stratified associations of daily sitting time and physical activity with all-cause mortality, and estimated summary hazard ratios using Cox regression. We repeated these analyses using TV-viewing time instead of daily sitting time. FindingsDaily sitting time was not associated with higher all-cause mortality rates among those in the most active quartile. Compared with the referent (<4 h of sitting per day and highest quartile of physical activity [>35.5 MET-hour/week]), there was no increased risk of dying during follow up in those who sat for more than 8h/day but who also reported >35.5 MET-hour/week of activity (HR=1.04; 95% CI, 0.99, 1.10). In contrast, those who sat the least (<4 h/day) and were in the lowest (<2.5 METhour/week) activity quartile had a significantly increased risk of dying during follow-up (HR=1.27, 95% CI, 1.22, 1.31). For TV viewing time, >3 hours/day was associated with higher mortality rates regardless of physical activity, except in the most active quartile, where mortality rates were significantly higher only in the >5 hours/day group. InterpretationHigh levels of moderate intensity physical activity (i.e. about 60 to 75 minutes per day) appear to eliminate the increased risk of death associated with high sitting time. However, this high activity level attenuates, but does not eliminate the increased risk associated with high TV viewing time.Funding None 3 INTRODUCTIONIn a seminal 1953 Lancet paper, Morris and colleagues demonstrated an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in London bus drivers compared with conductors.1 Since then, numerous observational studies have shown that lack of physical activity is a major risk factor for morbidity and premature mortality.2-4 Indeed, recent estimates indicate that not meeting physical activity recommendations is responsible for more than 5 million deaths globally each year.

To promote and maintain health, all healthy adults aged 18 to 65 yr need moderate-intensity aerobic (endurance) physical activity for a minimum of 30 min on five days each week or vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity for a minimum of 20 min on three days each week. [I (A)] Combinations of moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity can be performed to meet this recommendation. [IIa (B)] For example, a person can meet the recommendation by walking briskly for 30 min twice during the week and then jogging for 20 min on two other days. Moderate-intensity aerobic activity, which is generally equivalent to a brisk walk and noticeably accelerates the heart rate, can be accumulated toward the 30-min minimum by performing bouts each lasting 10 or more minutes. [I (B)] Vigorous-intensity activity is exemplified by jogging, and causes rapid breathing and a substantial increase in heart rate. In addition, every adult should perform activities that maintain or increase muscular strength and endurance a minimum of two days each week. [IIa (A)] Because of the dose-response relation between physical activity and health, persons who wish to further improve their personal fitness, reduce their risk for chronic diseases and disabilities or prevent unhealthy weight gain may benefit by exceeding the minimum recommended amounts of physical activity. [I (A)].