Cardiorespiratory fitness predicts later body mass index, but not other cardiovascular risk factors from childhood to adolescence

Martins, Clarice; Santos, Rute; Gaya, Anelise Reis; Twisk, Jos W. R.; Ribeiro, José Carlos; Mota, Jorge

doi:10.1002/ajhb.20826

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Despite our model having no effect on body weight, it is noteworthy that cardiovascular fitness improved. This is key, given the relation of childhood fitness to obesity in adolescence95 and adulthood 96–98. Furthermore, fitness and adiposity have independent relationships with CVD risk in this age group 97–99.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Action Schools! BC implementation: from efficacy to effectiveness to scale-up

McKay¹,

Macdonald

Nettlefold

et al. 2014

Br J Sports Med

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ObjectivesTo describe Action Schools! BC (AS! BC) from efficacy to scale-up.Participants/settingEducation and health system stakeholders and children in grades 4–6 from elementary schools in British Columbia, Canada.InterventionAt the provincial level, the AS! BC model reflected socioecological theory and a partnership approach to social change. Knowledge translation and exchange were embedded as a foundational element. At the school level, AS! BC is a comprehensive school health-based model providing teachers and schools with training and resources to integrate physical activity (PA) and healthy eating (HE) into the school environment. Our research team partnered with key community and government stakeholders to deliver and evaluate AS! BC over efficacy, effectiveness and implementation trials.ResultsOn the basis of significant increases in PA, cardiovascular fitness, bone and HE in AS! BC schools during efficacy trials, the BC government supported a provincial scale-up. Since its inception, the AS! BC Support Team and >225 trained regional trainers have delivered 4677 teacher-focused workshops (training approximately 81 000 teachers), reaching approximately 500 000 students. After scale-up, PA delivery was replicated but the magnitude of change appeared less. One (HE) and 4 (PA) years after scale-up, trained AS! BC teachers provided more PA and HE opportunities for students even in the context of supportive provincial policies.ConclusionsWhole school models like AS! BC can enhance children's PA and health when implemented in partnership with key stakeholders. At the school level, adequately trained and resourced teachers and supportive school policies promoted successful scale-up and sustained implementation. At the provincial level, multisectoral partnerships and embedded knowledge exchange mechanisms influenced the context for action at the provincial and school level, and were core elements of successful implementation.Trial registration numberClinical Trials RegistryNCT01412203.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Action Schools! BC implementation: from efficacy to effectiveness to scale-up

McKay¹,

Macdonald

Nettlefold

et al. 2014

Br J Sports Med

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“…However, only 20% of children and adults actually meet these guidelines (C. L. . Performing activities that involve continuous/repetitive locomotor movements such as jogging or participating in activities like soccer or tennis generally have been suggested to achieve these guidelines Eisenmann, Wickel, Welk, & Blair, 2005;Farpour-Lambert et al, 2009;Martins et al, 2009;Reed, Warburton, Macdonald, Naylor, & McKay, 2008) as they have been noted to demonstrate high energy expenditure levels measured in "METS" . A MET (metabolic equivalent of task) is the standard unit of energy expenditure (EE) and the physiological equivalent to energy required during resting metabolism, or 3.5 ml of oxygen/kg of body weight/minute in adults (Trost, Loprinzi, Moore, & Pfeiffer, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insight for activity intensity relativity, metabolic expenditure during object projection skill performance

Sacko

McIver

Brian

et al. 2018

Journal of Sports Sciences

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This study examined the metabolic cost (METs) of performing object projection skills at three practice trial intervals (6, 12, and 30 seconds). Forty adults (female n = 20) aged 18-30 (M = 23.7 ± 2.9 years) completed three, nine-minute sessions of skill trials performed at 6, 12, and 30 second intervals. Participants performed kicking, throwing and striking trials in a blocked schedule with maximal effort. Average METs during each session were measured using a COSMED K4b2. A three (interval condition) X two (sex) ANOVA was conducted to examine differences in METs across interval conditions and by sex. Results indicated a main effect for interval condition (F(5,114) = 187.02, p < .001, η = 0.76) with decreased interval times yielding significantly higher METs [30 sec = 3.45, 12 sec = 5.68, 6 sec = 8.21]. A main effect for sex (F(5, 114) = 35.39, p < .001, η = 0.24) also was found with men demonstrating higher METs across all intervals. At a rate of only two trials/min, participants elicited moderate physical activity, with 12 and 6-second intervals exhibiting vigorous PA. Demonstrating MVPA during the performance of object projection skill performance has potential implications for PA interventions.

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“…In children, CRF has been associated with insulin resistance [16,17]. Moreover, CRF measured at one period of childhood was related to later measurements of BMI in children [18] and in adults [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%