Cardiovascular and endocrine responses during the cold pressor test in subjects with cervical spinal cord injuries

Mizushima, Takashi; Tajima, Fumihiro; Okawa, Hiroji; Umezu, Yuichi; Furusawa, Kazunari; Ogata, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1053/apmr.2003.50072

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…While the sweat Na + concentration decreases with heat acclimation, there was no marked change in the aldosterone concentration, suggesting that acclimation enhances the dependence of the sweat glands at a given aldosterone level (Falk et al 1991;Francois 1999;Melin 1980). No comparative study has examined the effect of temperature on aldosterone during exercise, although no significant change in aldosterone occurred during a cold pressor test (Mizushima et al 2003) or cold-water immersion (Pa¨a¨kko¨nen and Leppa¨luoto 2002). These results suggest that higher skin temperature might enhance the responsive ability of sweat glands at a given aldosterone level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of skin temperature on the ion reabsorption capacity of sweat glands during exercise in humans

et al. 2005

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The effect of skin temperature on the ion reabsorption capacity of sweat glands during exercise in humans is unknown. In this study, eight healthy subjects performed a 60-min cycling exercise at a constant intensity (60% VO(2max)) under moderate (25 degrees C) and cool (15 degrees C) ambient temperatures at a constant relative humidity of 40%. The sweating rate (SR), index of sweat ion concentration (ISIC) by using sweat conductivity, esophageal temperature (Tes), mean skin temperature, and heart rate (HR) were measured continuously under both ambient temperatures. The SR and ISIC were significantly lower at the cool ambient temperature versus the moderate temperature. There were no significant differences in the changes in HR and esophageal temperature between these ambient temperature conditions, while the mean skin temperature was significantly lower at the cool ambient temperature by almost 3 degrees C (P < 0.05). The slopes of the relationships between Tes and the SR and ISIC were significantly lower and the thresholds of these relationships were significantly higher at the cool ambient temperature (P < 0.05). The ion reabsorption capacity of the sweat glands was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in a cool environment (0.21 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.52 +/- 0.06 mg/cm(2)/min at 15 and 25 degrees C, respectively) as evaluated using the relationships for SR and ISIC. The results suggest that the ion reabsorption capacity of the sweat glands is influenced by skin temperature during exercise in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of skin temperature on the ion reabsorption capacity of sweat glands during exercise in humans

et al. 2005

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“…122 Those with SCI also have abnormal blood pressure responses to cold exposure, 123 as well as increased complaints of muscle spasticity, pain, and numbness. [124][125][126][127] Consequently, athletes with SCI should be monitored closely for both core temperature changes and skin changes associated with nonfreezing cold injury.…”

Section: Spinal Cord Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Environmental Cold Injuries

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Stone²,

Castellani

et al. 2008

Journal of Athletic Training

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Objective: To present recommendations for the prevention, recognition, and treatment of environmental cold injuries.Background: Individuals engaged in sport-related or workrelated physical activity in cold, wet, or windy conditions are at risk for environmental cold injuries. An understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology, risk management, recognition, and immediate care of environmental cold injuries is an essential skill for certified athletic trainers and other health care providers working with individuals at risk.Recommendations: These recommendations are intended to provide certified athletic trainers and others participating in athletic health care with the specific knowledge and problem-solving skills needed to address environmental cold injuries. Each recommendation has been graded (A, B, or C) according to the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy criterion scale.

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“…Autonomic responses during and after cold water immersion of the foot in humans with spinal cord injury (SCI) have been examined in previous studies [1,14,21]. Cold water immersion causes an increase in blood pressure [1,14,21], an increase in plasma norepinephrine concentration [14], an increase in cerebral blood flow velocity [1] and a decrease in heart rate (HR) [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limb oxygenation during the cold pressor test in spinal cord-injured humans

et al. 2011

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Afferent activity coming from below the lesion due to cold stimuli would reflexively enhance sympathetic activity in both the arm and leg in individuals with cervical SCI but only in the leg in individuals with thoracic SCI. A decrease in tissue oxygenation might have been caused by sympathetic vasoconstriction. The reduction of tissue oxygenation in the arm was marked in individuals with cervical SCI, suggesting differential control of arm oxygenation and leg oxygenation in the region below SCI.

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Cardiovascular and endocrine responses during the cold pressor test in subjects with cervical spinal cord injuries

Cited by 31 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of skin temperature on the ion reabsorption capacity of sweat glands during exercise in humans

Effect of skin temperature on the ion reabsorption capacity of sweat glands during exercise in humans

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Environmental Cold Injuries

Limb oxygenation during the cold pressor test in spinal cord-injured humans

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