Cardiovascular and neurohumoral responses to behavioral challenge as a function of race and sex.

The purpose of this study was to assess the short term stability of myocardial and peripheral vascular responses to behavioral challenges, and to compare the response patterns of Black and White men. Blood pressure and heart rate, as well as stroke volume, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, and systolic time interval measures derived from the impedance cardiogram were obtained in 12 Black and 12 White men. These measures were taken prior to and during an evaluative speech stressor, a mirror star tracing task, and a forehead cold pressor test presented during two laboratory sessions scheduled two weeks apart. In general, total peripheral resistance and impedance-derived baseline measures showed acceptable reproducibility (G greater than .85). With a few exceptions, adequate reliability was also demonstrated for change (delta) scores. All tasks raised blood pressure responses above resting levels. Blacks demonstrated significantly greater increases in total peripheral resistance responses across tasks. Whites but not Blacks also revealed increases above baseline in cardiac output and contractility as estimated by the Heather Index. These findings are consistent with the view that Blacks show greater vascular responsiveness than Whites across a variety of tasks, but reveal less myocardial responsiveness.

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Myocardial and Peripheral Vascular Responses to Behavioral Challenges and Their Stability in Black and White Americans

Saab

et al. 1992

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The cold pressor test: Vascular and myocardial response patterns and their stability

Saab¹,

Llabre²,

Hurwitz³

et al. 1993

Psychophysiology

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The purposes of the present study were to compare the cardiovascular response patterns evoked by three versions of the cold pressor test (either forehead stimulation or hand or foot immersion) and to determine the reproducibility of the responses over a 2-week interval. Blood pressure , heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, and systolic time intervals were obtained during rest and during the cold pressor test in 42 young men. Across conditions, the pressor response was supported by peripheral resistance increases wilh COllcomitant stroke volume decreases. Although the response patterns were generally similar across sites, exception s were apparent for heart rate. Forehead stimulation was characterized by no significant change in heart rate, whereas limb (hand or foot) immersion was associated with significant heart rate acceleration . The responses elicited by the three cold pressor test conditions were reliable and showed lillie evidence of attenuation over the test-retest interval.

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Hemodynamic responses to laboratory stressors in children and adolescents: The influences of age, race, and gender

1997

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The objectives of the present study were threefold: (a) to compare the patterns of hemodynamic responding of children and adolescents during behavioral challenges, (b) to examine whether previously reported cardiovascular reactivity differences between Black and White children are dependent on pubertal status, and (c) to assess whether gender differences in hemodynamic response reported for adults is similar in children. One hundred fifty-nine children (ages 8-10 years) and adolescents (ages 15-17 years), equally divided along gender and racial lines, participated in a laboratory protocol consisting of a reaction time task, a mirror tracing task, a cold forehead challenge, and a stress interview. Results indicated that adolescents responded with greater beta-adrenergic activation than did children and that gender differences in reactivity often reported for adults emerged more clearly in the adolescents than in the children. This study failed to replicate prior findings of greater vasoconstrictive responses in Black children as compared with White children.

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Cardiovascular and neurohumoral responses to behavioral challenge as a function of race and sex.

Cited by 4 publications

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Myocardial and Peripheral Vascular Responses to Behavioral Challenges and Their Stability in Black and White Americans

Myocardial and Peripheral Vascular Responses to Behavioral Challenges and Their Stability in Black and White Americans

The cold pressor test: Vascular and myocardial response patterns and their stability

Hemodynamic responses to laboratory stressors in children and adolescents: The influences of age, race, and gender

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