Cardiovascular and Respiratory Effects of Morphine and Pentazocine in Patients With Myocardial Infarction

The Cardiovascular Effects of Morphine THE PERIPHERAL CAPACITANCE AND RESISTANCE VESSELS IN HUMAN SUBJECTS

“…The Journal of Clinical Investigation Volume 54 December 1974December *1247December -1258relieving the pain of acute myocardial infarction (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Although respiratory depression is acknowledged as an important side effect of the drug, the unstressed human cardiovascular system appears to be little affected by the usual clinical doses of morphine (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18).…”

“…Although respiratory depression is acknowledged as an important side effect of the drug, the unstressed human cardiovascular system appears to be little affected by the usual clinical doses of morphine (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). While much research has been done on the circulatory effects of morphine, there still exists considerable uncertainty regarding its precise mechanism of action.…”

“…It has been suggested by animal studies that morphine does produce a venodilation that leads to a peripheral pooling of blood, and that this is the mechanism by which morphine improves pulmonary edema (2,16,18). Further, numerous studies have been done on the effects of morphine on the peripheral resistance vessels; however, considerable conflict still exists regarding the direction, magnitude, and mechanism of the response (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Therefore, the purpose of the studies to be presented in this report was to evaluate the indirect and direct effects of morphine on the peripheral venous and arterial systems in human subjects.…”

Analysis of Mitochondrial Function in Cell Membranes as Indicator of Tissue Vulnerability to Drugs in Humans

“…However, pentazocine appears to exert protective actions against oxidative stress and apoptosis in microglia [39,75], although it also modifies NADPH oxidase activity, leading to increased superoxide formation in mitochondria from nonhuman tissues [76] and interacting with other NADH oxidoreductases, such as P450 cytochrome [77]. In this sense, pentazocine highly increased the superoxide production in human heart, which could be related to the stimulatory effect on the cardiovascular system [78] and respiratory depression [79]. Other drugs that modulate sigma opioid receptors (NE100, PB28, PPCC, BD47, and DXT) also triggered superoxide formation in bovine heart membranes with different potency and efficacy by an off-target, nonprimary, G protein-coupled receptor-dependent mechanism.…”

Pharmacological and clinical importance of narcotic antagonists and mixed antagonists‐use in cardiology.

“…There was slight augmentation of the pressor response to exogenous catecholamines, but less than with pethidine. Reports (Lal et al, 1969;Scott & Orr, 1969;Jewitt et al, 1970) have shown that smaller doses of pentazocine augment arterial pressure in more than 80% of subjects, and pulmonary arterial BP is also augmented in the majority of such patients (Scott & Orr, 1969;Jewitt et al, 1970). Fifteen patients studied by Jewitt et al (1970) just after acute myocardial infarction were given pentazocine 30 or 60 mg intravenously; and with only one exception (given 60 mg) the pulmonary arterial mean BP increased after 10 minutes.…”