Cardiovascular costs of emotion suppression cross ethnic lines

Roberts, Nicole A.; Levenson, Robert W.; Gross, James J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.06.003

Cited by 136 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It was predicted that all examined variables including PTSD, hallucination symptoms, relational health, physical health, and chronic dissociation would be elevated for people who dissociated from any threat type, compared to people who did not dissociate from the threat. This prediction was informed by research on emotional suppression, which indicates negative consequences of disconnection compared to experiencing the emotion (Roberts, Levenson, & Gross, 2008). Previous work has linked dissociation to psychosis (Moskowitz, 2011), PTSD (Najavitz & Walsh, 2012, and physical health problems (Haven & Pearlman, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the third question, it was hypothesized that a dissociative response to any of the threat conditions would relate to a variety of health problems. This last hypothesis is informed by the emotion suppression literature indicating that emotional avoidance comes at a cost (e.g., Roberts, Levenson, & Gross, 2008).…”

Section: Research Questions and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another secondary goal of the study was to assess the effect of proneness to dissociation from threat on various psychological symptoms as well as physical health. The hypothesis that dissociation from threat could lead to problematic outcomes is based on the literature indicating that emotional avoidance comes at a cost (e.g., Roberts, Levenson, & Gross, 2008).…”

Section: The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The self in the obsessive–compulsive-related disorders: hoarding disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and trichotillomania

Moulding¹,

Mancuso²,

Rehm³

et al.

The Self in Understanding and Treating Psychological Disorders

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Betrayal trauma theory posits that victims of abuse perpetrated by someone close are more likely to dissociate from awareness of the abuse in order to protect the needed relationship. Shame may likewise protect the relationship by turning the victim's attention inward, thereby increasing the likelihood that the abusive environment will be overlooked. In this dissertation, the associations between shame, dissociation, and betrayal trauma were examined in two experimental studies. A third study examined the consequences of chronic shame. Aims were to determine whether shame and dissociation have a unique link with high betrayal traumas (HiBT), to understand the nature of the relationship between shame and dissociation, and to investigate the consequences of chronic shame.In study 1, 124 female trauma survivors were randomly assigned to a high or low betrayal threat condition. Greater exposure to HiBT but not low betrayal traumas (LoBT) predicted increased shame and dissociation following high betrayal threat.Greater exposure to LoBT but not HiBT predicted increased fear following non-betrayal threat. Compared to non-dissociators, dissociators from threat endorsed more negative psychological consequences. v In study 2, 127 female trauma survivors completed a dissociation induction and battery of questionnaires. The bypassed shame theory, which proposes that dissociation serves to disconnect from the pain of shame, was examined. Results partially supported bypassed shame theory. Although feelings of shame led to a larger dissociation response to the induction, dissociation did not interrupt shame but rather led to even higher shame.Implications are discussed for a possible contributing role of shame to betrayal blindness.In study 3, 247 trauma survivors completed online questionnaires addressing chronic shame hypotheses. Regression results revealed that all forms of chronic shame, especially trauma-focused shame, predicted negative health consequences. Correlation results revealed that HiBT was associated with more types of negative outcomes compared to LoBT and that HiBT but not LoBT was associated with chronic shame. Freyd (1994;1996) focuses on the cognitive alterations of dissociation and amnesia for abuse perpetrated by someone upon whom the victim depends for survival. Freyd's work on betrayal trauma theory (BTT) highlights that these alterations may be adaptive, albeit harmful in the long run. This dissertation examines whether feelings of shame may be an affective alteration that, like dissociation and amnesia, serves to protect the relationship in the short-run but has negative long-term consequences.2 Betrayal Trauma TheoryBTT (Freyd, 1996) differentiates between traumatic events involving betrayal by a close other (HiBT; e.g., childhood physical or sexual abuse) and traumatic events typically involving lesser degrees of betrayal (LoBT e.g., sexual assault by a stranger, natural disaster). According to BTT, the higher the betrayal level of the trauma, the more adaptive it may be for the victim to be una...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Questions and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The self in the obsessive–compulsive-related disorders: hoarding disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and trichotillomania

Moulding¹,

Mancuso²,

Rehm³

et al.

The Self in Understanding and Treating Psychological Disorders

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some emotion regulation strategies may be ineffective in achieving this, and may in fact be counter-productive. A common example of an ineffective emotion regulation strategy is expressive suppression (Goldin, McRae, Ramel, & Gross, 2008;Roberts, Levenson, & Gross, 2008). Expressive suppression involves inhibiting the behavioural expression of an emotion (e.g., masking…”

Section: Emotion Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it often leads to no change in the experience of the emotion, and can even exacerbate the emotion (Roberts et al, 2008). Suppression is considered response-focused as it occurs late in the emotional response process, once the emotion is already being experienced (Goldin et al, 2008).…”

Section: Emotion Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion regulation in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders

Santomauro¹

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Emotion regulation is important for mental health, well-being, social decision making, and financial success, yet limited investigations have been conducted into emotion regulation in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD).The aim of this series of studies was to investigate emotion regulation in adolescents and young adults with ASD, report on the prevalence of emotion regulation issues, and to evaluate a group cognitive behavioural intervention aimed at improving emotion regulation skills. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with adolescents and young adults with ASD, parents of adolescents and young adults with ASD, teachers, and psychologists (N = 26), to capture a preliminary picture of emotion regulation in this population, and to probe for triggers of troublesome emotions and successful coping strategies. Next, an online survey was launched (N = 179) to estimate rates of depression and anxiety in this population, and to reveal potential predictors of mood disorder symptoms to be considered for intervention.From the information gathered from the survey, and interventions already evaluated in previous literature, it was concluded that a there was a need for an evaluation of a cognitive behavioural intervention targeting depression in adolescents with ASD. Therefore, the final study of this project was a pilot randomised controlled trial of a cognitive behavioural intervention targeting symptoms of depression. Despite recruitment difficulties (N = 20), there was preliminary evidence to suggest the intervention may be successful in reducing symptoms of depression in this population.The trial is further illustrated by qualitative findings and case studies.

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Perceived emotion suppression and culture: Effects on psychological well‐being

Kwon

Kim

2018

Int J Psychol

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Whether the negative effects of emotion suppression on psychological well-being are applicable cross-culturally is a long-debated topic. The present study attempted to shed light on this debate, focusing on the effects of perceived emotion suppression and examining the psychological processes leading from perceived emotion suppression to lower psychological well-being. We used a scale manipulation to lead 196 American and 213 Chinese participants to perceive themselves as having suppressed their emotions to a greater or lesser extent and then measured their life satisfaction. As expected, both the American and Chinese participants reported lower life satisfaction in the high-suppression condition than in the low-suppression condition; this negative effect was mediated by positive affect and moderated by self-esteem. Specifically, perceived high emotion suppression decreased positive affect, which in turn led to lower well-being. This effect was observed only for those with low self-esteem, but the patterns and mechanisms were consistent cross-culturally.

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Cardiovascular costs of emotion suppression cross ethnic lines

Cited by 136 publications

References 28 publications

The self in the obsessive–compulsive-related disorders: hoarding disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and trichotillomania

The self in the obsessive–compulsive-related disorders: hoarding disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and trichotillomania

Emotion regulation in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders

Perceived emotion suppression and culture: Effects on psychological well‐being

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