Cardiovascular Emergency Hospital Visits and Hourly Changes in Air Pollution

Abstract

Background and Purpose-Few studies have examined the effect of hourly changes in air pollution on cardiovascular disease morbidity. We evaluated the associations between hourly changes in air pollution and the risks of several types of cardiovascular disease. Methods-We used a time-stratified case-crossover design. Study participants were 10 949 residents of the city of Okayama, Japan, aged ≥65 years who were taken to hospital emergency rooms between January 2006 and December 2010 for onset of cardiovascular disease. We calculated city representative hourly average concentrations of air pollutants from several monitoring stations and examined the associations between air pollution exposure before the case event, focusing mainly on suspended particulate matter, and disease onset. Results-Suspended particulate matter exposure 0 to <6 hours before the case events was associated with risks of onset of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease; odds ratios after 1 interquartile range increase in suspended particulate matter exposure were 1.04 (95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.06) for cardiovascular disease and 1.04 (95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.08) for cerebrovascular disease. We observed an elevated risk of hemorrhagic as well as ischemic stroke, but the risk was slightly higher for hemorrhagic stroke, and this elevation was persistent. Women tended to have higher effect estimates. Conclusions-This

Carbon monoxide and stroke: A time series study of ambient air pollution and emergency hospitalizations

“…Many epidemiological studies linked short-term air pollution exposure to increased stroke onsets and emergency hospital admissions [2][3][4][5][6][7]. However, the particular effect of carbon monoxide (CO) on stroke was seldom reported.…”

Associations between exhaust and non-exhaust particulate matter and stroke incidence by stroke subtype in South London

“…In 2010 it is estimated 17 million first strokes occurred, an increase of 68% since 1990 (Feigin et al, 2014). The contribution of outdoor air pollution to stroke risk has been increasingly studied in recent years (Henrotin et al, 2007;Johnson et al, 2013;Johnson et al, 2010;Leiva et al, 2013;Lisabeth et al, 2008;Maheswaran et al, 2014;Maheswaran et al, 2012;Maheswaran et al, 2010;Qian et al, 2013;Wellenius et al, 2012;Yorifuji et al, 2013;Yorifuji et al, 2014;Yu et al, 2014).…”

“…Several studies have found associations between short-term changes in air pollution and stroke risk (Leiva et al, 2013;Lisabeth et al, 2008;Qian et al, 2013;Wellenius et al, 2012;Yorifuji et al, 2014;Carlsen et al, 2013;Corea et al, 2012), in particular, PM 10 and/or PM 2.5 (PM b 10 μm and b 2.5 μm in diameter, respectively). A recent metaanalysis of 19 studies reported short-term changes in PM 10, but not PM 2.5, were associated with risk of ischaemic but not haemorrhagic strokes.…”

Air pollution and cardiovascular hospital admissions in Kerman, Iran

“…Yorifuji et al in 2014 in Japan studied the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular patients and their hospital referral and found particulate matter exposure increases the risks of onset of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (including hemorrhagic stroke) shortly after exposure [30] . Dominici et al in 2006 in the US estimated the risks of hospital admissions associated with exposure Pollution and Cardiovascular to PM 2.5 for Medicare enrollees and concluded that exposure to PM 2.5 in short-term increases the risk of hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases [31] .…”