Cardiovascular responses to auditory stimuli

Keefe, F. Barry; Johnson, Laverne C.

doi:10.3758/bf03328845

Cited by 28 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Even more speculatively, it is possible that there is a slight deceleration within the first 1–2 heart beats after trial onset (time T + 1) followed by a small acceleration (T + 2, T + 3) prior to the large deceleration discussed here. Such a triphasic response (deceleration, acceleration, deceleration) would be consistent with results observed from studies with shorter and less meaningful auditory stimuli ( Keefe and Johnson, 1970 ; Graham and Slaby, 1973 ; cited in Andreassi, 2007 p. 354). In short, it seems likely that all three types of degraded speech required greater commitment of cognitive resources in the service of initial encoding of the signal (as indicated by a stronger OR for these stimuli), but that synthetic speech may have incurred the greatest demand.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Autonomic Nervous System Responses During Perception of Masked Speech may Reflect Constructs other than Subjective Listening Effort

et al. 2016

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Typically, understanding speech seems effortless and automatic. However, a variety of factors may, independently or interactively, make listening more effortful. Physiological measures may help to distinguish between the application of different cognitive mechanisms whose operation is perceived as effortful. In the present study, physiological and behavioral measures associated with task demand were collected along with behavioral measures of performance while participants listened to and repeated sentences. The goal was to measure psychophysiological reactivity associated with three degraded listening conditions, each of which differed in terms of the source of the difficulty (distortion, energetic masking, and informational masking), and therefore were expected to engage different cognitive mechanisms. These conditions were chosen to be matched for overall performance (keywords correct), and were compared to listening to unmasked speech produced by a natural voice. The three degraded conditions were: (1) Unmasked speech produced by a computer speech synthesizer, (2) Speech produced by a natural voice and masked byspeech-shaped noise and (3) Speech produced by a natural voice and masked by two-talker babble. Masked conditions were both presented at a -8 dB signal to noise ratio (SNR), a level shown in previous research to result in comparable levels of performance for these stimuli and maskers. Performance was measured in terms of proportion of key words identified correctly, and task demand or effort was quantified subjectively by self-report. Measures of psychophysiological reactivity included electrodermal (skin conductance) response frequency and amplitude, blood pulse amplitude and pulse rate. Results suggest that the two masked conditions evoked stronger psychophysiological reactivity than did the two unmasked conditions even when behavioral measures of listening performance and listeners’ subjective perception of task demand were comparable across the three degraded conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Autonomic Nervous System Responses During Perception of Masked Speech may Reflect Constructs other than Subjective Listening Effort

et al. 2016

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“…The major finding of this study is the failure of the cephalic vasomotor responses to differentiate among experimental conditions. This has previously been noted by others (e.g., Davis, Buchwald, & Frankman, 1955;Keefe & Johnson, 1970;Raskin, Kotses, & Bever, 1969a, 1969b. The obtained biphasic cephalic pulse amplitude response (constriction-dilation) and the dilative response of cephalic blood content are both apparently indicative of the OR.…”

supporting

confidence: 79%

Effects of intensity and the signal value of stimuli on the orienting and defensive responses.

Cohen¹,

Johnson²

1971

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…Sokolov considered this dissociation of the vascular response so important that he tended to use it as an operational definition of the OCCllrrence of an orientation reaction. This usage h~s not generally been adopted in the West, where several experimenters have confirmed that peripheral vasoconstriction follows novel stimuli (e.g., Unger, 1964;Zimny & Miller, 1966), while others have failed (Cohen & Johnson, 1971;Keefe & Johnson, 1970;Raskin, Kotses & Bever, 1969a, b). Western investigators tend to use the GSR (e.g., Germana, 1968;Maltzman & Raskin, 1965) or a transient desynchronization of the EEG (Berlyne & Borsa, 1968) as measures of the OR.…”

Section: The Orientation Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention and Effort

Egeth¹,

Kahneman²

1975

The American Journal of Psychology

1,742

102

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. This content downloaded from 146.201.208.22 on Thu, 01 Oct 2015 23:32:09 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions BOOK REVIEWS BOOK REVIEWSprovides a brief overview of the symposium and makes the telling point that one "cannot get a machine to do anything very intelligent unless it does understand the knowledge appropriate to its domain. Machine intelligence is machine understanding." A few final, general comments about this volume appear in order. First, the degree to which the book contains contributions that all approach 'cognition,' 'understanding,' and so on, in terms of information processing or computer science greatly enhances its overall impact. It is not uncommon to see a published symposium that is spread too thin and attempts a too great a diversity of orientation among its participants. Happily, this fault is not true of the present book. Second, with few minor exceptions, the papers are very clearly written and represent an excellent cross section of current attempts to model complex problem solving and similar topics by means of nontrivial simulation models and the like. Third, while this book is already the ninth of a series, it is certainly still within the category of fresh, stimulating, and highly provocative material, and one looks forward to the series continuing at this high level of excellence.

show abstract

Cardiovascular responses to auditory stimuli

Cited by 28 publications

References 11 publications

Autonomic Nervous System Responses During Perception of Masked Speech may Reflect Constructs other than Subjective Listening Effort

Autonomic Nervous System Responses During Perception of Masked Speech may Reflect Constructs other than Subjective Listening Effort

Effects of intensity and the signal value of stimuli on the orienting and defensive responses.

Attention and Effort

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