Effects of intensity and the signal value of stimuli on the orienting and defensive responses.

Cohen, Michael J.; Johnson, Harold J.

doi:10.1037/h0030882

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Vinogradova & Sokolov, 1957 ;Sokolov, 1963 ;Vinogradova, 1965). The observation of a monophasic decrease in BV with intense audhory stimulation is in line with the earlier Soviet results but at odds with the more recent findings of Raskin et al (1969b) and Cohen & Johnson (1971). Such monophasic increases in forehead BV to moderate stimuli have also been found in several Western studies (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Such monophasic increases in forehead BV to moderate stimuli have also been found in several Western studies (e.g. Hertzman & Dillon, 1939;Royer, 1965; Raskin et al, 1 9 6 9~; Cohen & Johnson, 1971;Cook, 1972). However, controversy has arisen over the direction of the forehead BV response to intense stimulation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…The observation that forehead BVP was sensitive to changes in auditory stimulus intensity is also at odds with the findings of Raskin et al (19693) and Cohen & Johnson (1971). Again transducer placement is probably critical.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…In contrast, the few investigations in Western laboratories measuring forehead vasomotor changes have generally found such measurement to be insensitive to stimulus intensity manipulations (Raskin ef al., 1969a, b ;Cohen & Johnson, 1971). However, Cook (1972) reported success in replicating the Soviet findings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Orienting and Defence Reactions to Simple Auditory Stimulation in Man

CARROLL

1974

British J of Psychology

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Soviet psychophysiologists have presented evidence that two distinct physiological arousal reactions can be isolated on the basis of forehead vasomotor response to moderate and intense stimulation. Recent Western studies, however, have generally found forehead vasomotor response t o be insensitive t o stimulus intensity manipulations. In the present study forehead blood volume and blood volume pulse were monitored from the temporal artery area while subjects received bursts of moderate and intense auditory stimulation. Both aspects of circulatory change were found to be sensitive to stimulus intensity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Orienting and Defence Reactions to Simple Auditory Stimulation in Man

CARROLL

1974

British J of Psychology

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“…Uno and Grings (1965) generally confirmed these results, and reported a correlation of 0.72 between the two measures., confirming their close relationship. Cohen and Johnson (1971), while reporting PPV response habituation (contrary to the above findings), noted that PBV results were so similar as to obviate the necessity of reporting PBV data. Levander, Lidberg, and Schalling (1974) also found that both PPV and PBV vasoconstrictive responses habituated, and recorded intraindividual correlations of the two measures ranging up to 0.98.…”

mentioning

confidence: 45%

Failure to find evidence of the unitary OR concept with indifferent low-intensity auditory stimuli

Barry

1977

Psychobiology

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The most commonly discussed indices of the OR (e.g., GSR, respiration, HR, CPV, PPV, and EEG) have been traditionally conceptualized as showing similar behavior in response to stimulus variation. Two of Sokolov's hypothesized dimensions of stimulus variation affecting OR behavior are intensity and novelty, and these were focused upon in the present study. The six psychophysiological indices listed above were found to exhibit markedly different behaviors in their responses to manipulation of these two independent variables. These differences were so marked as to make the concept of a unitary OR untenable.

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Habituation of vasodilatation in the calf elicited by repeated sensory stimulation in man

Zbrożyna¹,

Westwood²

1988

Europ. J. Appl. Physiol.

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In 28 subjects the cardiovascular response to repeated stimulation was monitored during six daily sessions. Calf blood flow was measured with mercury-in-silastic venous occlusion plethysmography, blood pressure with electronic sphygmomanometer. The stimuli used were: 1 kHz sound of 90 dB and 100 dB intensity and immersion of one foot for 60 s in water at 4 degrees C. Initially sounds induced large vasodilatation in the calf, immersion of one foot in the water induced in the contralateral calf vasodilatation in one group and vasoconstriction in another group of subjects. The blood pressure changes were less prominent and less consistent. After the first session of repeated stimulation the vascular response during the second session was significantly diminished. The reduction of the vasodilatation was the most rapid. During the remaining 5 days the responses were suppressed. It has been established that in the patients in the initial stage of hypertension the ability to habituate vascular response is impaired (Zbrozyna and Krebbel 1985). It is therefore suggested that the test of the ability for long-term vascular habituation could be used as a supplementary diagnostic test.

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Effects of intensity and the signal value of stimuli on the orienting and defensive responses.

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Orienting and Defence Reactions to Simple Auditory Stimulation in Man

Orienting and Defence Reactions to Simple Auditory Stimulation in Man

Failure to find evidence of the unitary OR concept with indifferent low-intensity auditory stimuli

Habituation of vasodilatation in the calf elicited by repeated sensory stimulation in man

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