Cardiovascular risk profile and morbidity in subjects affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic foot

Diabetic foot syndrome: Immune-inflammatory features as possible cardiovascular markers in diabetes

“…These findings go along with previous reports of higher degree of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients with amputations [19,20] . The main cause of death in these patients was coronary artery disease (CAD) [19,20] .…”

“…Only a few previous studies [18][19][20][21] evaluated inflammatory markers such as cytokine and adypokines in patients with diabetic foot. Nevertheless several reports clearly underlined the role of low serum level of adiponectin that has been reported as complex metabolic and inflammatory axis able to predispose to atherogenesis.…”

“…This findings could find a confirmation in results reported by Tuttolomondo et al [21] showing respectively a positive (for IL-6 and resistin) and negative [for adiponectin] correlation in subjects with diabetic foot with regard of some metabolic markers and some clinical and laboratory variables. Recently DFS has been reported by Pinto et al [19] as a predictive factor of cardiovascular morbidity in diabetic patients.…”

“…The main cause of death in these patients was coronary artery disease (CAD) [19,20] . Another finding of this study was the higher prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, LDL plasma levels > 130 mg/dL, hypertriglyceridemia, and microalbuminuria/proteinuria in patients with foot complications compared to diabetic patients without foot complications thus strengthening the issue that DFS in diabetic subjects act as a real and important cardiovascular risk marker.…”

“…Pts with diabeticfoot (n = 102) From Pinto et al [19] . CAD: Coronary artery disease; TIA: Transient ischemic attack; AMI: Acute myocardial infarction; CHF: Congestive heart failure.…”