Caribbean maitotoxin elevates [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>and activates non-selective cation channels in HIT-T15 cells

Lu, Xiaojuan

doi:10.4239/wjd.v4.i3.70

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The main effect of MTX is to induce an inward Ca 2+ -current in various pathways, which has disputable specific variants. The fact that MTX activates cation channels was clear from direct voltage-clamp current measurements (see [ 133 ] for review), including voltage-gated Ca 2+ -channels (VGCC) in cultured brainstem neurons [ 134 ] and non-selective channels in the cells lacking VGCC [ 135 , 136 ]. MTX, similar to CTX-3C, also affected VGSC by decreasing the peak of Na + -current amplitude likely due to inactivation of Na + -channels by the rise in Ca 2+ [ 83 ].…”

Section: Compounds Produced By Gambierdiscus Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Application of MTX-C did not elicit the l -type Ca 2+ -current, although large cationic currents appeared after applying MTX-C to the extracellular solution. However, these cells stably express l -type Ca 2+ -channels [ 136 ].…”

Section: Compounds Produced By Gambierdiscus Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The opening of non-selective cation channels will result in a net positive ion influx due to the higher electrochemical driving force for Na + ions than for K + ions. Such a net Na + influx can depolarize cell membrane potential and activate voltage-gated Ca 2+ -channels in HIT-T15 cells [ 136 ].…”

Section: Compounds Produced By Gambierdiscus Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ladder-Shaped Ion Channel Ligands: Current State of Knowledge

Shmukler

Никишин

2017

Marine Drugs

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Ciguatoxins (CTX) and brevetoxins (BTX) are polycyclic ethereal compounds biosynthesized by the worldwide distributed planktonic and epibenthic dinoflagellates of Gambierdiscus and Karenia genera, correspondingly. Ciguatera, evoked by CTXs, is a type of ichthyosarcotoxism, which involves a variety of gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms, while BTXs cause so-called neurotoxic shellfish poisoning. Both types of toxins are reviewed together because of similar mechanisms of their action. These are the only molecules known to activate voltage-sensitive Na+-channels in mammals through a specific interaction with site 5 of its α-subunit and may compete for it, which results in an increase in neuronal excitability, neurotransmitter release and impairment of synaptic vesicle recycling. Most marine ciguatoxins potentiate Nav channels, but a considerable number of them, such as gambierol and maitotoxin, have been shown to affect another ion channel. Although the extrinsic function of these toxins is probably associated with the function of a feeding deterrent, it was suggested that their intrinsic function is coupled with the regulation of photosynthesis via light-harvesting complex II and thioredoxin. Antagonistic effects of BTXs and brevenal may provide evidence of their participation as positive and negative regulators of this mechanism.

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Section: Compounds Produced By Gambierdiscus Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compounds Produced By Gambierdiscus Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compounds Produced By Gambierdiscus Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ladder-Shaped Ion Channel Ligands: Current State of Knowledge

Shmukler

Никишин

2017

Marine Drugs

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“…Members of the dinoflagellate genus Gambierdiscus (including G. caribaeus and G. toxicus) produce ciguatoxin (Holmes and Lewis, 1994), a potent secondary metabolite and calcium channel activator (Lu et al, 2013). After accumulation in the marine food web and reef fish, this toxin is the causative agent of ciguatera fish poisoning (Chinain et al, 2010;Parsons et al, 2011), which is the most frequent form of nonbacterial food poisoning of humans worldwide (Dickey and Plakas, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis ofGambierdiscustranscriptome data supports ancient origins of mixotrophic pathways in dinoflagellates

Price

Farinholt

Gates

et al. 2016

Environmental Microbiology

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Toxic dinoflagellates pose serious threats to human health and to fisheries. The genus Gambierdiscus is significant in this respect because its members produce ciguatoxin that accumulates in predominantly tropical marine food webs and leads to ciguatera fish poisoning. Understanding the biology of toxic dinoflagellates is crucial to developing control strategies. To this end, we generated a de novo transcriptome library from G. caribaeus and studied its growth under different culture conditions to elucidate pathways of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) utilization. We also gathered available dinoflagellate transcriptome data to trace the evolutionary history of C and N pathways in this phylum. We find that rather than being specific adaptations to the epiphytic lifestyle in G. caribaeus, the majority of dinoflagellates share a large array of genes that putatively confer mixotrophy and the ability to use N via the ornithine-urea cycle and nitric oxide synthase production. These results suggest that prior to plastid endosymbiosis, the dinoflagellate ancestor possessed complex pathways that linked metabolism, intercellular signaling, and stress responses to environmental cues that have been maintained by extant photosynthetic species. This metabolic flexibility likely explains the success of dinoflagellates in marine ecosystems and may presage difficulties in controlling the spread of toxic species.

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“…The CTX group causes cellular toxicities by elevating intracellular calcium concentration and by the binding and opening of non-selective, non-voltage activated ion channels, resulting in neurologic symptoms, such as hyperesthesia, paresthesia and dysesthesia which may appear from a few hours to two weeks after ingestion of a toxic specimen. Acute symptoms result in gastrointestinal and cardiovascular distress [ 91 , 92 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergent Toxins in North Atlantic Temperate Waters: A Challenge for Monitoring Programs and Legislation

Silva

Pratheepa

Botana

et al. 2015

Toxins

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Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) are complex to manage due to their intermittent nature and their severe impact on the economy and human health. The conditions which promote HAB have not yet been fully explained, though climate change and anthropogenic intervention are pointed as significant factors. The rise of water temperature, the opening of new sea canals and the introduction of ship ballast waters all contribute to the dispersion and establishment of toxin-producing invasive species that promote the settling of emergent toxins in the food-chain. Tetrodotoxin, ciguatoxin, palytoxin and cyclic imines are commonly reported in warm waters but have also caused poisoning incidents in temperate zones. There is evidence that monitoring for these toxins exclusively in bivalves is simplistic and underestimates the risk to public health, since new vectors have been reported for these toxins and as well for regulated toxins such as PSTs and DSTs. In order to avoid public health impacts, there is a need for adequate monitoring programs, a need for establishing appropriate legislation, and a need for optimizing effective methods of analysis. In this review, we will compile evidence concerning emergent marine toxins and provide data that may indicate the need to restructure the current monitoring programs of HAB.

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Caribbean maitotoxin elevates [Ca²⁺]_iand activates non-selective cation channels in HIT-T15 cells

Abstract: We conclude that MTX-C causes the opening of non-selective, non-voltage-activated ion channels, which elevates level of intracellular calcium concentration and leads to cellular toxicities.

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Ladder-Shaped Ion Channel Ligands: Current State of Knowledge

Ladder-Shaped Ion Channel Ligands: Current State of Knowledge

Analysis ofGambierdiscustranscriptome data supports ancient origins of mixotrophic pathways in dinoflagellates

Emergent Toxins in North Atlantic Temperate Waters: A Challenge for Monitoring Programs and Legislation

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Caribbean maitotoxin elevates [Ca2+]iand activates non-selective cation channels in HIT-T15 cells

Abstract: We conclude that MTX-C causes the opening of non-selective, non-voltage-activated ion channels, which elevates level of intracellular calcium concentration and leads to cellular toxicities.

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Ladder-Shaped Ion Channel Ligands: Current State of Knowledge

Ladder-Shaped Ion Channel Ligands: Current State of Knowledge

Analysis ofGambierdiscustranscriptome data supports ancient origins of mixotrophic pathways in dinoflagellates

Emergent Toxins in North Atlantic Temperate Waters: A Challenge for Monitoring Programs and Legislation

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Product

Resources

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Caribbean maitotoxin elevates [Ca²⁺]_iand activates non-selective cation channels in HIT-T15 cells