CARIBIC aircraft measurements of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic clouds in April/May 2010

Rauthe-Schöch, A.; Weigelt, Alexandra; Hermann, M.; Martinsson, Bengt G.; Baker, A. K.; Heue, Klaus-Peter; Brenninkmeijer, Carl A. M.; Zahn, Andreas; Scharffe, D.; Eckhardt, Sabine; Stohl, Andreas; Velthoven, P. F. J. van

doi:10.5194/acp-12-879-2012

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…Particle size distributions are measured with an integrated OPC (Optical Particle Counter), which measures particles with a diameter in the range of approximately 0.1-1µm. OPC measurements from the volcanic flight on 19 May were used in this study (Heue et al, 2011;Rauthe-Schöch et al, 2012). A time resolution of 3 min was used to calculate the OPC size distributions during this flight.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples of volcanic aerosol particles were obtained from the CARIBIC platform during regular long-distance passenger flights in the UT/LMS following large eruptions of the Kasatochi (2008) and Sarychev (2009) volcanoes, as well as during special flights at 4-12 km altitudes on 16 May and 19 May 2010, which were conducted to investigate the composition of the volcanic clouds produced by the Eyjafjallajökull eruption (Rauthe-Schöch et al, 2012). The CARIBIC measurement container is mounted in the forward cargo bay of a Lufthansa Airbus 340-600 during four sequential flights (Brenninkmeijer et al, 2007) on a monthly basis.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transport time from the volcano to the aircraft position, and thus the age of the aerosol, was estimated to have been about 40 and 45 h for the samples collected May 16 and about 25 h for the sample collected May 19. The time for sampling within the volcanic cloud, and thereby the most likely transport path, was determined from peaks in the SO 2 and particle mass concentrations obtained from the CARIBIC DOAS and OPC instruments (Heue et al, 2011;Rauthe-Schöch et al, 2012).…”

Section: Identification Of Volcanic Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composition and evolution of volcanic aerosol from eruptions of Kasatochi, Sarychev and Eyjafjallajökull in 2008–2010 based on CARIBIC observations

et al. 2013

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Large volcanic eruptions impact significantly on climate and lead to ozone depletion due to injection of particles and gases into the stratosphere where their residence times are long. In this the composition of volcanic aerosol is an important but inadequately studied factor. Samples of volcanically influenced aerosol were collected following the Kasatochi (Alaska), Sarychev (Russia) and also during the Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) eruptions in the period 2008–2010. Sampling was conducted by the CARIBIC platform during regular flights at an altitude of 10–12 km as well as during dedicated flights through the volcanic clouds from the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in spring 2010. Elemental concentrations of the collected aerosol were obtained by accelerator-based analysis. Aerosol from the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic clouds was identified by high concentrations of sulphur and elements pointing to crustal origin, and confirmed by trajectory analysis. Signatures of volcanic influence were also used to detect volcanic aerosol in stratospheric samples collected following the Sarychev and Kasatochi eruptions. In total it was possible to identify 17 relevant samples collected between 1 and more than 100 days following the eruptions studied. The volcanically influenced aerosol mainly consisted of ash, sulphate and included a carbonaceous component. Samples collected in the volcanic cloud from Eyjafjallajökull were dominated by the ash and sulphate component (&sim;45% each) while samples collected in the tropopause region and LMS mainly consisted of sulphate (50–77%) and carbon (21–43%). These fractions were increasing/decreasing with the age of the aerosol. Because of the long observation period, it was possible to analyze the evolution of the relationship between the ash and sulphate components of the volcanic aerosol. From this analysis the residence time (1/e) of sulphur dioxide in the studied volcanic cloud was estimated to be 45 ± 22 days

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identification Of Volcanic Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composition and evolution of volcanic aerosol from eruptions of Kasatochi, Sarychev and Eyjafjallajökull in 2008–2010 based on CARIBIC observations

et al. 2013

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“…In addition, extensive aircraft-based measurements have been made (Schumann et al, 2011). The observations have led to studies of the spatial propagation of the plume Flentje et al, 2010;Schumann et al, 2011;Dacre et al, 2011;Emeis et al, 2011;Gasteiger et al, 2011;Mona et al, 2012;Pappalardo et al, 2013;Rauthe-Schöch et al, 2012), microphysical properties Gasteiger et al, 2011;Seifert et al, 2011;Groß et al, 2012;Mona et al, 2012) and ice formation (Hoyle et al, 2011;Seifert et al, 2011;Steinke et al, 2011;Bingener et al, 2012). Estimates of the aerosol mass have been attempted Gasteiger et al, 2011).…”

Section: T Trickl Et Al: Stratospheric Aerosol: From Fuego To Eyjafmentioning

confidence: 99%

35 yr of stratospheric aerosol measurements at Garmisch-Partenkirchen: from Fuego to Eyjafjallajökull, and beyond

et al. 2013

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Lidar measurements at Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Germany) have almost continually delivered backscatter coefficients of stratospheric aerosol since 1976. The time series is dominated by signals from the particles injected into or formed in the stratosphere due to major volcanic eruptions, in particular those of El Chichon (Mexico, 1982) and Mt Pinatubo (Philippines, 1991). Here, we focus more on the long-lasting background period since the late 1990s and 2006, in view of processes maintaining a residual lower-stratospheric aerosol layer in absence of major eruptions, as well as the period of moderate volcanic impact afterwards. During the long background period the stratospheric backscatter coefficients reached a level even below that observed in the late 1970s. This suggests that the predicted potential influence of the strongly growing air traffic on the stratospheric aerosol loading is very low. Some correlation may be found with single strong forest-fire events, but the average influence of biomass burning seems to be quite limited. No positive trend in background aerosol can be resolved over a period as long as that observed by lidar at Mauna Loa. We conclude that the increase of our integrated backscatter coefficients starting in 2008 is mostly due to volcanic eruptions with explosivity index 4, penetrating strongly into the stratosphere. Most of them occurred in the mid-latitudes. A key observation for judging the role of eruptions just reaching the tropopause region was that of the plume from the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull above Garmisch-Partenkirchen (April 2010) due to the proximity of that source. The top altitude of the ash above the volcano was reported just as 9.3 km, but the lidar measurements revealed enhanced stratospheric aerosol up to 14.3 km. Our analysis suggests for two or three of the four measurement days the presence of a stratospheric contribution from Iceland related to quasi-horizontal transport, differing from the strong descent of the layers entering Central Europe at low altitudes. The backscatter coefficients within the first 2 km above the tropopause exceed the stratospheric background by a factor of four to five. In addition, Asian and Saharan dust layers were identified in the free troposphere, Asian dust most likely even in the stratosphere

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“…Pappalardo et al, 2013;Ansmann et al, 2010;Flentje et al, 2010;Madonna et al, 2010;Mona et al, 2012;Schumann et al, 2011;Schäfer et al, 2011). However, the chemical composition of aerosol from airborne measurements Bukowiecki et al, 2011;Rauthe-Schöch et al, 2012;Andersson et al, 2013) or from ground-level samplings (Revuelta et al, 2012;Schleicher et al, 2012;Lettino et al, 2012;Beeston et al, 2012;Bukowiecki et al, 2011;Colette et al, 2011) were derived in a few cases only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ physical and chemical characterisation of the Eyjafjallajökull aerosol plume in the free troposphere over Italy

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Continuous measurements of physical and chemical properties at the Mt. Cimone (Italy) GAW-WMO (Global Atmosphere Watch, World Meteorological Organization) Global Station (2165 m a.s.l.) have allowed the detection of the volcanic aerosol plume resulting from the Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) eruption of spring 2010. The event affected the Mt. Cimone site after a transport over a distance of more than 3000 km. Two main transport episodes were detected during the eruption period, showing a volcanic fingerprint discernible against the free tropospheric background conditions typical of the site, the first from April 19 to 21 and the second from 18 to 20 May 2010. This paper reports the modification of aerosol characteristics observed during the two episodes, both characterised by an abrupt increase in fine and, especially, coarse mode particle number.Analysis of major, minor and trace elements by different analytical techniques (ionic chromatography, particle induced X-ray emission-particle induced gamma-ray emission (PIXE-PIGE) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)) were performed on aerosols collected by ground-level discrete sampling. The resulting database allows the characterisation of aerosol chemical composition during the volcanic plume transport and in background conditions. During the passage of the volcanic plume, the fine fraction was dominated by sulphates, denoting the secondary origin of this mode, mainly resulting from in-plume oxidation of volcanic SO 2 . By contrast, the coarse fraction was characterised by increased concentration of numerous elements of crustal origin, such as Fe, Ti, Mn, Ca, Na, and Mg, which enter the composition of silicate minerals. Data analysis of selected elements (Ti, Al, Fe, Mn) allowed the estimation of the volcanic plume's contribution to total PM 10 , resulting in a local enhancement of up to 9.5 µg m −3 , i.e. 40 % of total PM 10 on 18 May, which was the most intense of the two episodes. These results appear significant, especially in light of the huge distance of Mt. Cimone from the source, confirming the widespread diffusion of the Eyjafjallajökull ashes over Europe.

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CARIBIC aircraft measurements of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic clouds in April/May 2010

Cited by 25 publications

References 64 publications

Composition and evolution of volcanic aerosol from eruptions of Kasatochi, Sarychev and Eyjafjallajökull in 2008–2010 based on CARIBIC observations

Composition and evolution of volcanic aerosol from eruptions of Kasatochi, Sarychev and Eyjafjallajökull in 2008–2010 based on CARIBIC observations

35 yr of stratospheric aerosol measurements at Garmisch-Partenkirchen: from Fuego to Eyjafjallajökull, and beyond

In situ physical and chemical characterisation of the Eyjafjallajökull aerosol plume in the free troposphere over Italy

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