Caring E‐mails for Military and Veteran Suicide Prevention: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Luxton, David D.; Smolenski, Derek J.; Reger, Mark A.; Relova, Rona Margaret; Skopp, Nancy A.

doi:10.1111/sltb.12589

Cited by 19 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In an RCT of CC via text message with service members, Comtois et al (21) found that as an adjunct to outpatient mental health, CC resulted in reduced odds of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. In an RCT of CC via email with service members and veterans, there were no adverse events and no difference between those who received CC and the control group on death, suicide attempts, or psychiatric readmission (22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Adapting Caring Contacts for Veterans in a Department of Veterans Affairs Emergency Department: Results From a Type 2 Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Pilot Study

et al. 2021

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Transitions in care, such as discharge from an emergency department (ED), are periods of increased risk for suicide and effective interventions that target these periods are needed. Caring Contacts is an evidence-based suicide prevention intervention that targets transitions, yet it has not been widely implemented. This pilot study adapted Caring Contacts for a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) ED setting and population, created an implementation toolkit, and piloted implementation and evaluation of effectiveness. To inform adaptation, qualitative interviews were conducted with stakeholders. Data were used by an advisory board comprised of stakeholders, experts, and veterans to make adaptations and develop an implementation planning guide to delineate steps needed to implement. Key decisions about how to adapt Caring Contacts included recipients, author, content, and the schedule for sending. Pilot implementation occurred at one VA ED. Caring Contacts involved sending patients at risk of suicide brief, non-demanding expressions of care. Program evaluation of the pilot used a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation design to both pilot an implementation strategy and evaluate effectiveness of Caring Contacts. Evaluation included qualitative interviews with veteran patients during implementation. VA electronic health records were used to evaluate VA service utilization in the 6-month periods immediately before and after veterans were delivered their first Caring Contact. Hundred and seventy-five veterans were mailed Caring Contacts and the facility continued adoption after the pilot. Participants were positive about the intervention and reported feeling cared about and connected to VA as a result of receiving Caring Contacts. This project developed an implementation planning process that successfully implemented Caring Contacts at one site. This can be used to further implement Caring Contacts at additional VA or community EDs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Adapting Caring Contacts for Veterans in a Department of Veterans Affairs Emergency Department: Results From a Type 2 Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Pilot Study

et al. 2021

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“…Intervensi pencegahan bunuh diri pada literature review diberikan dengan durasi yang berbeda-beda. Intervensi pemberian ACT dilakukan selama 7 minggu (Ducasse et al, 2018), intervensi CBT SAFETY dilakukan selama 12 minggu (Asarnow et al, 2015;Asarnow et al, 2017), intervensi DBT dilakukan selama 6 bulan (McCauley et al, 2018), intervensi SOS dilakukan selama 3 bulan (Schilling et al, 2016), intervensi STAT-ED dilakukan selama 2 bulan dan 6 bulan follow up (Grupp-Phelan et al, 2019), intervensi Gratitude diary dilakukan selama 7 hari (Ducasse et al, 2019), intervensi ASSIP dilakukan selama 24 bulan (Michel et al, 2017) dan intervensi caring email (CL) dilakukan selama 2 tahun (Luxton et al, 2020).…”

Section: B Frekuensi Pemberian Intervensiunclassified

“…Intervensi ASSIP diketahui 80% efektif dalam mencegah resiko bunuh diri (Michel et al, 2017). Sedangkan intervensi CL diketahui tidak signifikan dalam pelaporan kejadian bunuh diri dan yang berhubungan dengan resiko bunuh diri (Luxton et al, 2020).…”

Section: Efek Intervensiunclassified

“…Pendekatan secara humanistik, peningkatan hubungan antar pribadi dengan tidak mengurangi budaya manajeman resiko serta menciptakan layanan yang cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan orang-orang yang memiliki niat untuk bunuh diri, bekerja sama secara tulus dengan mereka yang memiliki pengalaman bunuh diri merupakan intervensi yang dapat dilakukan (Fitzpatrick & River, 2018) Pemberian intervensi juga ditemukan pada literature review ini memiliki frekuensi yang berbeda-beda, berdasarkan tabel 1 dijelaskan bahwa intervensi diketahui minimal 7 hari dan maksimal 2 tahun. Pemberian intervensi yang 7 hari diketahui tidak signifikan dalam penurunan resiko bunuh diri (Ducasse et al, 2019), sedangkan intervensi 2 tahun juga diketahui tidak memiliki efek yang signifikan (Luxton et al, 2020).…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

“…, CBT SAFETY(Asarnow et al., 2015; Asarnow et al, 2017),DBT (McCauley et al, 2018), SOS(Schilling et al, 2016), STAT-ED (Grupp-Phelan et al, 2019), Gratitude diary(Ducasse et al, 2019), ASSIP(Michel et al, 2017) dan caring email (CL)(Luxton et al, 2020).…”

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Suicide Prevention: Literature Review

Soleman¹,

Utomo²

2020

COPING

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ABSTRACT Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Suicide is an intentional act to end life. Pharmacological, psychological, health education, family support and the media are proposed as effective measures to treat depression and suicide. However, these guidelines do not have sufficient evidence to prevent suicide so this is a challenge for the world of health, especially nursing. The aim of this review is to report the results of studies that focus on interventions undertaken for suicide prevention. The search method for relevant articles uses the database PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar using the keywords suicide prevention, suicide intervention, and suicide therapy. Nine articles were included in the literature review, covering various types of suicide intervention, frequency of intervention, and effects of intervention. This literature review identifies eight types of interventions that can be done to prevent suicide, namely ACT, CBT, SAFETY, SOS, ASSIP. The conclusion is that ACT, CBT, SAFETY, SOS, ASSIP interventions can be done to prevent suicide, by increasing knowledge, education, skills regarding suicide and awareness related to suicide and family participation are the main points of interventions that must be carried out to prevent suicide . Keywords: Prevention of suicide, suicide intervention, suicide therapy

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Caring Letters Sent by a Clinician or Peer to At-Risk Veterans

Reger,

Legler,

Lauver

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceCaring letters is an evidence-based suicide prevention intervention in acute care settings, but its outcomes among individuals who contact a national crisis line have not previously been evaluated.ObjectiveTo examine the outcomes of the Veterans Crisis Line (VCL) caring letters intervention and determine whether there are differences in outcomes by signatory.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis parallel randomized clinical trial compared signatories of caring letters and used an observational design to compare no receipt of caring letters with any caring letters receipt. Participants included veterans who contacted the VCL. Enrollment occurred between June 11, 2020, and June 10, 2021, with 1 year of follow-up. Analyses were completed between July 2022 and August 2023.InterventionVeterans were randomized to receive 9 caring letters for 1 year from either a clinician or peer veteran signatory.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome measure was suicide attempt incidence in the 12 months following the index VCL contact. Incidence of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) inpatient, outpatient, and emergency health care use were secondary outcomes. All-cause mortality was an exploratory outcome. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and χ2 tests were used to assess the differences in outcomes among the treatment and comparison groups.ResultsA total of 102 709 veterans (86 942 males [84.65%]; 15 737 females [15.32%]; mean [SD] age, 53.82 [17.35] years) contacted the VCL and were randomized. No association was found among signatory and suicide attempts, secondary outcomes, or all-cause mortality. In the analysis of any receipt of caring letters, there was no evidence of an association between caring letters receipt and suicide attempt incidence. Caring letters receipt was associated with increased VHA health care use (any outpatient: hazard ratio [HR], 1.10; 95% CI, 1.08-1.13; outpatient mental health: HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.17-1.22; any inpatient: HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08-1.18; inpatient mental health: HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.07-1.21). Caring letters receipt was not associated with all-cause mortality.Conclusions and RelevanceAmong VHA patients who contacted the VCL, caring letters were not associated with suicide attempts, but were associated with a higher probability of health care use. No differences in outcomes were identified by signatory.Trial Registrationisrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN27551361

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Caring E‐mails for Military and Veteran Suicide Prevention: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Adapting Caring Contacts for Veterans in a Department of Veterans Affairs Emergency Department: Results From a Type 2 Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Pilot Study

Adapting Caring Contacts for Veterans in a Department of Veterans Affairs Emergency Department: Results From a Type 2 Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Pilot Study

Suicide Prevention: Literature Review

Caring Letters Sent by a Clinician or Peer to At-Risk Veterans

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