‘Caring for children who have experienced trauma’ – an evaluation of a training for foster parents

Abstract

Background: Foster children, mostly maltreated in their birth families, may be fostered by parents who know little about the impact of traumatic experiences. Objective: The present study investigated whether the training Caring for Children who Have Experienced Trauma for foster parents can break the negative circle of traumatic stress. The hypothesis was that improvement in parents' knowledge on trauma and mind-mindedness would be associated with a reduction of their parenting stress, children's post-traumatic stress symptoms, and behaviour problems. Method: Forty-eight foster parents (n female = 35) participated in a pre-test (T1), post-test (T2), and follow-up (T3) assessment. Questionnaires on knowledge on trauma, parenting stress, child post-traumatic stress symptoms, the child's behaviour, and the evaluation of the training were administered. Parents' mind-mindedness was assessed using the describeyour-child interview. Results: Foster parents highly appreciated the training, their knowledge on child trauma increased at T2 and this growth persisted at T3. The parents who gained most knowledge experienced a small decrease in parenting stress at T2. Although the general mindmindedness did not significantly change, foster parents' mind-mindedness with positive valence substantially increased at T2 and T3, while their mind-mindedness with neutral valence decreased. Foster parents' report on child PTSS declined at T3 compared to T2, but not compared to T1. No changes were found in children's behaviour as reported by the foster parents. The proportion of foster children receiving trauma-focused treatment increased at T2 and T3. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that training in trauma-informed parenting can be effective in improving foster parents' knowledge on the impact of traumatic experiences and in increasing a positive mental representation of their foster child as well as in reducing children's post-traumatic symptoms.

Trauma-informed care psychoeducational group-based interventions for foster carers and adoptive parents: A narrative review

“…Negative results were reported by six studies for child emotional and behaviour difficulties (Benjamin, et al, 2010;Burton, 2012;Conn, et al, 2018;Konijn, et al, 2020;Selwyn, del Tufo and Frazer, 2009;Selwyn, et al, 2016). In Selwyn and colleagues (2016) the children's emotional and behavioural difficulties increased, as reported by the carers, over the study period.…”

“…No improvement was found for scores on the other two subscales (pre-mentalizing modes in carers and certainty about mental states). Konijn, et al (2020) assessed mind-mindedness, reporting no significant change for carers' total score. However, they reported a significant change in valence as carers' positive valence increased and neutral valence decreased over the study period [f ¼ 7.27, p < 0.001].…”

“…Improvements in child outcomes immediately post-intervention were indicated in four studies (Harold, et al, 2017;Messer, et al, 2018;Purvis, et al, 2015;Strolin-Goltzman, et al, 2018). One study reported positive results at three-month follow-up (Konijn, et al, 2020), one at six months follow-up (Gigengack, et al, 2019) and one study at 15-month follow-up (Lotty, Dunn-Galvin and Bantry-White, 2020).…”

“…(1) Murray, et al (2019) [(F (1259) Murray and Ake (2016) [(F (1156) Burton (2012), Gigengack, et al (2019 and Konijn, et al (2020) all reported that this increased knowledge was sustained at the three-month follow-up [(t (17) Three studies assessed carers' tolerance of child misbehaviour. Murray and colleagues (2019) found a significant improvement post-intervention on willingness to tolerate difficult behaviour [(F (1259) ¼ 3.94, p ¼ 0.048].…”

“…Parental stress was assessed in three studies (Conn, et al, 2018;Gigengack, et al, 2019;Konijn, et al, 2020) with only one reporting positive results: (Mean ¼ 62.20, SD ¼ 10.333, p ¼ 0.03) which was reported at six months follow-up (Gigengack, et al, 2019).…”