Carnosine protects erythrocytes from the oxidative stress caused by homocysteic acid

Combination of direct infusion mass spectrometry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry for toxicometabolomic study of red blood cells and serum of mice Mus musculus after mercury exposure

“…Increased levels of homocysteic acid (HCA) were found in RBCs from Hg-treated mice. HCA accumulation in RBCs is related to Hg-induced oxidative stress in erythrocytes and decreases hemolytic resistance [52]. Other metabolites related with oxidative stress were also altered in RBCs, including reduced glutathione (GSH) and its oxidized form (GSSG) (Fig.…”

Carnosine and Its Role on the Erythrocyte Rheology

“…Carnosine application also significantly increased the erythrocyte elongation indexes that had already decreased by sodium nitroprusside (Yerer et al, 2004). Similarly Arzumanyan et al have demonstrated that homocysteic acid (HCA) provokes oxidative stress in erythrocytes and decreases their hemolytic resistance, whereas the natural antioxidant carnosine protects erythrocytes from its toxic effect (Arzumanyan et al, 2008). Actually this should be taken into account when assessing the states of patients with chronic hyperhomocysteinemia.…”

“…Homocysteine and the product of spontaneous homocysteine oxidation, namely HCA, are important risk factors for neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases (Jacobsen, 1998). The prooxidant effects of homocysteine and HCA on cell structures possibly occur via both the glutamate receptors (Vladychenskaya et al, 2006) and the activation of NO synthase or inhibition of Na + /K + ATPase (Arzumanyan et al, 2008). It is known that erythrocytes are capable of accumulating homocysteine and excreting it into the extracellular medium (Preibisch et al, 1993;Schlussel et al, 1995).…”

“…The resistance of erythrocytes to hemolytic action is an integral parameter characterizing their integrity and viability as well as a criterion of their physiologically native state (Arzumanyan et al, 2008). Various factors can cause hemolysis of the erythrocytes, including a decreased ambient osmotic pressure, decreased pH, and oxidants (Ivanov, 1999;Pribush et al, 2002).…”

Novel mechanism of regulation of brain plasticity

“…metabolite which accumulation is considered as a risk factor of cardio vasculare and neurodegenerative diseases [8][9][10][11]. The targets of HC are NMDA receptors in all cells that are able to express them: as it is known now, they are not only neurons but also cells of the immune system, osteoblasts, cardiomyocytes, red blood cells, etc.…”