Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Daucus carota

Simpson, Kevin; Cerda, Ariel; Stange, Claudia

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39126-7_7

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…This post-transcriptional effect may be why Or has not been identified in previous carrot studies that have looked at carotenoid accumulation mechanisms at the transcription level (Simpson et al 2016). Mutations in the Or gene are associated with increased chromoplast formation, thereby providing more storage capability for carotenoids (Yuan et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoid Presence Is Associated with the Or Gene in Domesticated Carrot

et al. 2018

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Carrots are among the richest sources of provitamin A carotenes in the human diet, but genetic variation in the carotenoid pathway does not fully explain the high levels of carotenoids in carrot roots. Using a diverse collection of modern and historic domesticated varieties, and wild carrot accessions, an association analysis for orange pigmentation revealed a significant genomic region that contains the Or gene, advancing it as a candidate for carotenoid presence in carrot. Analysis of sequence variation at the Or locus revealed a nonsynonymous mutation cosegregating with carotenoid content. This mutation was absent in all wild carrot samples and nearly fixed in all orange domesticated samples. Or has been found to control carotenoid presence in other crops but has not previously been described in carrot. Our analysis also allowed us to more completely characterize the genetic structure of carrot, showing that the Western domesticated carrot largely forms one genetic group, despite dramatic phenotypic differences among market classes. Eastern domesticated and wild accessions form a second group, which reflects the recent cultivation history of carrots in Central Asia. Other wild accessions form distinct geographic groups, particularly on the Iberian peninsula and in Northern Africa. Using genome-wide F st , nucleotide diversity, and the cross-population composite likelihood ratio, we analyzed the genome for regions putatively under selection during domestication and identified 12 regions that were significant for all three methods of detection, one of which includes the Or gene. The Or domestication allele appears to have been selected after the initial domestication of yellow carrots in the East, near the proposed center of domestication in Central Asia. The rapid fixation of the Or domestication allele in almost all orange and nonorange carrots in the West may explain why it has not been found with less genetically diverse mapping populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoid Presence Is Associated with the Or Gene in Domesticated Carrot

et al. 2018

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“…Two carrot paralog PSY genes are expressed differentially in leaves and roots during plant development ( Fuentes et al , 2012 ; Simpson et al , 2016 ), with DcPSY1 being mostly expressed in leaves and DcPSY2 in the storage root. Interestingly, although they share 68.34% identity at the amino acidic level, DcPSY1 is more closely related to PSYs of monocot species whereas DcPSY2 is most closely related to those of dicots ( Qin et al , 2011 ), providing evolutionary support for the putative differential role of these genes in carotenoid synthesis in carrot.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the induction of phytoene synthase 2 expression by salt stress and abscisic acid in Daucus carota

Simpson

Fuentes

Quiroz-Iturra

et al. 2018

Journal of Experimental Botany

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“…In the research of Nicolle et al, potassium was found to be the most abundant mineral in carrots 6 . Among these minerals, the content of iron, sodium and magnesium is highly dependent on the carrot variety, whereas the content of potassium and calcium is not 187 . In addition, carrot roots are a good source of vitamin E and ascorbic acid.…”

Section: Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in research on the carrot, an important root vegetable in the Apiaceae family

et al. 2019

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Carrots ( Daucus carota L.), among the most important root vegetables in the Apiaceae family, are cultivated worldwide. The storage root is widely utilized due to its richness in carotenoids, anthocyanins, dietary fiber, vitamins and other nutrients. Carrot extracts, which serve as sources of antioxidants, have important functions in preventing many diseases. The biosynthesis, metabolism, and medicinal properties of carotenoids in carrots have been widely studied. Research on hormone regulation in the growth and development of carrots has also been widely performed. Recently, with the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, many efficient tools have been adopted in carrot research. A large amount of sequence data has been produced and applied to improve carrot breeding. A genome editing system based on CRISPR/Cas9 was also constructed for carrot research. In this review, we will briefly summarize the origins, genetic breeding, resistance breeding, genome editing, omics research, hormone regulation, and nutritional composition of carrots. Perspectives about future research work on carrots are also briefly provided.

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Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Daucus carota

Cited by 22 publications

References 77 publications

Carotenoid Presence Is Associated with the Or Gene in Domesticated Carrot

Carotenoid Presence Is Associated with the Or Gene in Domesticated Carrot

Unraveling the induction of phytoene synthase 2 expression by salt stress and abscisic acid in Daucus carota

Advances in research on the carrot, an important root vegetable in the Apiaceae family

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