Carotenoids

Ávalos, Javier; Díaz-Sánchez, Violeta; García-Martínez, Jorge; Castrillo, Marta; Ruger-Herreros, Macarena; Limón, M. Carmen

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1191-2_8

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 259 publications

(235 reference statements)

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“…The biosynthesis of carotenoids in N. crassa requires de novo synthesis of at least three enzymes, AL-1, AL-2, and AL-3 ( Ávalos et al, 2014 ). Based on the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in N. crassa ( Ávalos et al, 2014 ), a putative carotenoid biosynthesis pathway for C. militaris has been proposed ( Supplementary Figure S3 ), however, homologous of AL-2 and AL-3, the two key enzymes in N. crassa are absent in the C. militaris genome ( Yang et al, 2016 ). The expression of known related genes was analyzed ( Supplementary Table S10 ), but there was no significant differential expression between 498 and 505 after light irradiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Between a Spontaneous Albino Mutant and Its Sibling Strain of Cordyceps militaris in Response to Light Stress

et al. 2018

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Albinism has been used for new variety screening in some edible mushrooms and the underlying mechanisms are fascinating. Albino fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris, a well-known edible fungus and model organism for Cordyceps, has the potential to be a nutraceutical or functional food due to its high content of metabolites and antioxidant activities. In this study, a spontaneous albino mutant strain (505) of C. militaris was obtained. In comparison to its normal sibling strain (498), the albino strain stably remained white in response to light and had significantly decreased conidia and carotenoid production but accumulated more cordycepin. Transcriptome analysis of both strains revealed that all the seven photoreceptors were expressed similarly in response to light. However, many more genes in the albino strain were differentially expressed in response to light than its sibling strain. The significantly enriched pathways in 498L vs. 505L were mainly associated with replication and repair. Some secondary metabolite backbone genes including those encoding DMAT, two NRPS-like proteins, three NPRS, and lanosterol synthase were differentially expressed in the albino when compared with that of the normal strains. Transcriptome and real-time quantitative PCR analyses indicated that some cytochrome P450s and methyltransferases might be related to the phenotypic differences observed between the two strains. This study compared the genome-wide transcriptional responses to light irradiation in a spontaneous albino mutant and its normal sibling strain of an edible fungus, and these findings potentially pave the way for further investigation of the pigment biosynthetic pathway.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Between a Spontaneous Albino Mutant and Its Sibling Strain of Cordyceps militaris in Response to Light Stress

et al. 2018

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“…Best-known examples are the production of β-carotene in different taxonomic groups, neurosporaxanthin in ascomycetes, and astaxanthin in basidiomycetes. In some fungi, as Phycomyces blakesleeanus , Mucor circinelloides , Neurospora crassa , Fusarium fujikuroi , and Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous , the genetic and biochemical basis of their carotenoid production has received considerable attention, and the functions and regulation of all the structural genes have been thoroughly investigated [2]. In addition, some fungi are excellent carotenoid producers, and they have been adopted as biotechnological carotenoid sources [39,40].…”

Section: Fungal Carotenoid Oxygenasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemically, the carotenoids are C 40 polyene compounds with a chain of conjugated double bonds, which creates a chromophore that absorbs light in the UV and blue range of the spectrum. Carotenoids are produced by algae and plants as well as by many fungi and bacteria [1,2,3]. Animals are mostly unable to synthesize carotenoids, but an outstanding exception was found in certain aphids, explained by recent carotenoid biosynthetic gene horizontal transfer from fungi [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoid Cleavage Oxygenases from Microbes and Photosynthetic Organisms: Features and Functions

Ahrazem

Gómez-Gómez

Rodrigo

et al. 2016

IJMS

143

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Apocarotenoids are carotenoid-derived compounds widespread in all major taxonomic groups, where they play important roles in different physiological processes. In addition, apocarotenoids include compounds with high economic value in food and cosmetics industries. Apocarotenoid biosynthesis starts with the action of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs), a family of non-heme iron enzymes that catalyze the oxidative cleavage of carbon–carbon double bonds in carotenoid backbones through a similar molecular mechanism, generating aldehyde or ketone groups in the cleaving ends. From the identification of the first CCD enzyme in plants, an increasing number of CCDs have been identified in many other species, including microorganisms, proving to be a ubiquitously distributed and evolutionarily conserved enzymatic family. This review focuses on CCDs from plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria, describing recent progress in their functions and regulatory mechanisms in relation to the different roles played by the apocarotenoids in these organisms.

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“…A most characteristic class of fungal pigments are the carotenoids, a family of lipophilic terpenoids ubiquitous in all major taxonomic groups [ 4 , 5 ]. The carotenoids are synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms, from cyanobacteria to higher plants, but they are also produced by diverse heterotrophic microorganisms, including fungi [ 6 , 7 ] and non-photosynthetic bacteria [ 8 , 9 ]. There are more than 750 natural carotenoids [ 5 ], providing typical yellowish, orange or reddish pigmentations to many plant organs, microorganisms and animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Fusarium

Ávalos

Pardo-Medina

Parra-Rivero

et al. 2017

JoF

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Many fungi of the genus Fusarium stand out for the complexity of their secondary metabolism. Individual species may differ in their metabolic capacities, but they usually share the ability to synthesize carotenoids, a family of hydrophobic terpenoid pigments widely distributed in nature. Early studies on carotenoid biosynthesis in Fusarium aquaeductuum have been recently extended in Fusarium fujikuroi and Fusarium oxysporum, well-known biotechnological and phytopathogenic models, respectively. The major Fusarium carotenoid is neurosporaxanthin, a carboxylic xanthophyll synthesized from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate through the activity of four enzymes, encoded by the genes carRA, carB, carT and carD. These fungi produce also minor amounts of β-carotene, which may be cleaved by the CarX oxygenase to produce retinal, the rhodopsin’s chromophore. The genes needed to produce retinal are organized in a gene cluster with a rhodopsin gene, while other carotenoid genes are not linked. In the investigated Fusarium species, the synthesis of carotenoids is induced by light through the transcriptional induction of the structural genes. In some species, deep-pigmented mutants with up-regulated expression of these genes are affected in the regulatory gene carS. The molecular mechanisms underlying the control by light and by the CarS protein are currently under investigation.

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Carotenoids

Cited by 17 publications

References 259 publications

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Between a Spontaneous Albino Mutant and Its Sibling Strain of Cordyceps militaris in Response to Light Stress

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Between a Spontaneous Albino Mutant and Its Sibling Strain of Cordyceps militaris in Response to Light Stress

Carotenoid Cleavage Oxygenases from Microbes and Photosynthetic Organisms: Features and Functions

Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Fusarium

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