Carotenoids and tocols of corn grain determined by HPLC

Weber, Evelyn J.

doi:10.1007/bf02612988

Cited by 125 publications

(119 citation statements)

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“…Entretanto, Weber (1987) encontrou de 16 a 77 µg g -1 (em base seca) de carotenoides totais nas linhagens que analisou. Estas informações indicam possível ganho de carotenoides em grãos de milho por meio do melhoramento genético de plantas.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Variabilidade de genótipos de milho quanto à composição de carotenoides nos grãos

Cardoso

Paes

Galvão

et al. 2009

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar e avaliar a variabilidade quanto ao teor e perfi l de carotenoides nos grãos de 134 genótipos de milho (Zea mays), com vistas à utilização em programas de biofortifi cação. Os materiais foram provenientes dos campos experimentais e do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Sete Lagoas, MG. São cultivares e híbridos comerciais, linhagens-elite e outros acessos escolhidos com base na coloração amarelo-alaranjada do endosperma. A quantifi cação do teor de carotenoides totais, carotenos e xantofi las mono-hidroxilada e di-hidroxilada dos grãos foi realizada por método cromatográfi coespectrofotométrico. As médias encontradas nos grãos foram 22,34 µg g -1 de carotenoides totais, 2,55 µg g -1 de carotenos, 3,86 µg g -1 de xantofi las mono-hidroxiladas e 15,93 µg g -1 de xantofi las di-hidroxiladas. Os genótipos foram agrupados em 18 grupos pelo método de Tocher. O germoplasma da Embrapa possui potencial para ser usado em programas de desenvolvimento de linhagens de milho biofortifi cadas, quanto ao total de carotenoides pró-vitamina A.Termos para indexação: Zea mays, biofortifi cação, carotenoides, melhoramento, vitamina A. Variability of maize genotypes for grain carotenoid compositionAbstract -The objective of this work was to characterize 134 maize (Zea mays) genotypes, for carotenoids content and build a genetic profi le to facilitate future breeding to increase grain nutritional value (biofortifi cation). Seeds came from experimental fi elds and from the Banco Ativo de Germoplasma of Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. The genotypes were commercial hybrids, varieties, and inbred lines developed by the Embrapa biofortifi cation program and other accessions, chosen for their yellow-orange endosperm color. Total grain carotenoids, carotenes, xanthophylls (monohydroxylates and dihydroxylates) were determined by chromatographic-spectrophotometric methods. The detected averages were: 22.34 µg g -1 for total carotenoids, 2.55 µg g -1 for carotenes, 3.86 μg g -1 for monohydroxylated xanthophylls, and 15.93 µg g -1 for dihydroxylated xanthophylls. The genotypes variability was divided into 18 groups by the method of Tocher. The Embrapa germplasm has variability and potential for development of maize lines biofortifi ed for total of provitamin A carotenoids.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Variabilidade de genótipos de milho quanto à composição de carotenoides nos grãos

Cardoso

Paes

Galvão

et al. 2009

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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“…Deionized water used for extraction was freshly boiled and placed on ice to remove all dissolved oxygen. Carotenoids were extracted, separated, and quantified using the procedures described previously (25). All samples were stored under nitrogen at -20°C until analysis using HPLC.…”

Section: Carotenoid Extraction and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake and Metabolism of Clomazone in Tolerant-Soybean and Susceptible-Cotton Photomixotrophic Cell Suspension Cultures

Norman¹,

Liebl²,

Widholm³

1990

Plant Physiol.

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The percentage of absorbed clomazone converted to more polar metabolite(s) was significantly greater by the SB-M cells relative to COT-M cells at 6 and 24 hours after treatment, however, only small differences existed between the cell lines by 48 hours after treatment. Nearly identical levels of parental clomazone was recovered from both cell lines for all treatments. A pooled metabolite fraction isolated from SB-M cells had no effect on the leaf pigment content of susceptible velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.) or soybean seedlings. Conversely, a pooled metabolite fraction from COT-M cells reduced the leaf Chi content of velvetleaf. Soybean tolerance to clomazone appears to be due to differential metabolism (bioactivation) and/or differences at the site of action.Clomazone [2-(2-chlorophenyl)methyl-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone] is a selective herbicide for use in soybean (24). A single preplant incorporated application of clomazone (dimethazone, FMC-57020, Command) controls many grasses and some broadleaf weeds. This compound reduces or stops the accumulation of plastid pigments in susceptible species by inhibiting an enzyme of the terpenoid pathway resulting in white, yellow, or pale green plants (7). The exact enzymatic site of clomazone action is currently unknown. Some of the suggested sites of action include: (a) isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase (5, 19); (b) prenyl transferases (5, 19); (c) enzymatic phytylation of chlorophyllide (5, 6); and (d) any enzyme of the terpenoid pathway after geranyl-geranylpyrophosphate production (1). The only report regarding the ' Supported in part by funds from the Illinois Agricultural Experimental Station and FMC Corporation. mechanism of clomazone selectivity suggested that the large differences in clomazone toxicity observed between tolerant bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and susceptible tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings could not be attributed solely to differential absorption, translocation, or metabolism (26).Many researchers have reported the initiation of photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic cell suspensions (10,12,13,27), and their potential use in herbicide mechanism of action and metabolism studies (3,17,20). Soybean and cotton photoautotrophic cell suspensions have been reported to behave as young expanding leaves with respect to pigment production, photosynthesis, and respiration (3, 17). The primary differences between the cell suspension and whole plant metabolism are a relatively low ribulose-1 ,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity and a relatively high phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity in the cell suspension cultures (1 1).Pigment production is inhibited in both cell cultures by the standard pigment synthesis inhibiting herbicide fluridone (data not shown). The enzymatic site of fluridone action is phytoene desaturase of the terpenoid pathway (2). The SB-M2 and COT-M cell response to fluridone suggests that pigment synthesis in these cells occurs via the terpenoid pathway of whole plants. Consequently, the SB-M and COT-...

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“…The list of vitamins and cofactors included biotin, thiamin diphosphate, NAD and derivatives, FAD and FMN, coenzyme A, 4-phosphopantetheine, tetrahydrofolate and its derivatives, α-tocopherol, ascorbate, ubiquinone-9, lipoic acid, heme, and pyridoxal-5 ′ -phosphate (Cameron and Teas, 1948;Teas, 1954;Giri et al, 1960;Ingle et al, 1965;Metz et al, 1970;Weber, 1987;Battey and Ohlrogge, 1990;Shannon et al, 1996;Szal et al, 2003;Tumaney et al, 2004;Shi et al, 2005;Drozak and Romanowska, 2006;Hu et al, 2006;Naqvi et al, 2009;Perez-Lopez et al, 2010;Richter et al, 2010;Enami et al, 2011;Spielbauer et al, 2013;Seaver et al, 2014).…”

Section: Vitamins and Cofactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two pigments were included in our endosperm and embryo biomass: β-carotene, and lutein (Weber, 1987).…”

Section: Pigmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Evidence-Based Genome-Scale Metabolic Models for Maize Leaf, Embryo, and Endosperm

Seaver¹,

Bradbury²,

Frelin³

et al. 2016

Crop Breeding

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There is a growing demand for genome-scale metabolic reconstructions for plants, fueled by the need to understand the metabolic basis of crop yield and by progress in genome and transcriptome sequencing. Methods are also required to enable the interpretation of plant transcriptome data to study how cellular metabolic activity varies under different growth conditions or even within different organs, tissues, and developmental stages. Such methods depend extensively on the accuracy with which genes have been mapped to the biochemical reactions in the plant metabolic pathways. Errors in these mappings lead to metabolic reconstructions with an inflated number of reactions and possible generation of unreliable metabolic phenotype predictions. Here we introduce a new evidence-based genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of maize, with significant improvements in the quality of the gene-reaction associations included within our model. We also present a new approach for applying our model to predict active metabolic genes based on transcriptome data. This method includes a minimal set of reactions associated with low expression genes to enable activity of a maximum number of reactions associated with high expression genes. We apply this method to construct an organ-specific model for the maize leaf, and tissue specific models for maize embryo and endosperm cells. We validate our models using fluxomics data for the endosperm and embryo, demonstrating an improved capacity of our models to fit the available fluxomics data. All models are publicly available via the DOE Systems Biology Knowledgebase and PlantSEED, and our new method is generally applicable for analysis transcript profiles from any plant, paving the way for further in silico studies with a wide variety of plant genomes.

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Carotenoids and tocols of corn grain determined by HPLC

Cited by 125 publications

References 12 publications

Variabilidade de genótipos de milho quanto à composição de carotenoides nos grãos

Variabilidade de genótipos de milho quanto à composição de carotenoides nos grãos

Uptake and Metabolism of Clomazone in Tolerant-Soybean and Susceptible-Cotton Photomixotrophic Cell Suspension Cultures

Improved Evidence-Based Genome-Scale Metabolic Models for Maize Leaf, Embryo, and Endosperm

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