Carotenoids in Medical Applications

Mathews-Roth, Micheline M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-082850-0.50015-9

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…We note how the size of the numerical and observed structures (of the order of ∼ 10 kpc) are surprisingly similar. This could be an alternative explanation to the galactic drips proposed by Mathews (1997). 4 Note that a flow decoupling -due to different physical reasons -is shown also in spherical power-law galaxies with low dark matter content and low SNIa heating ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Decoupled and Inhomogeneous Gas Flows in S0 Galaxies

D’Ercole

Ciotti

1998

ApJ

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A recent analysis of the Einstein sample of early-type galaxies has revealed that at any Ðxed optical luminosity S0 galaxies have lower mean X-ray luminosity per unit than elliptical galaxies. L B , L X L B Following a previous analytical investigation of this problem (Ciotti & Pellegrini), we have performed two-dimensional numerical simulations of the gas Ñows inside S0 galaxies in order to ascertain the e †ec-tiveness of rotation and/or galaxy Ñattening in reducing the ratio. L X /L B The Ñow in models without supernova (SNIa) heating is considerably ordered, and essentially all the gas lost by the stars is cooled and accumulated in the galaxy center. If rotation is present, the cold material settles in a disk on the galactic equatorial plane. Models with a time-decreasing SNIa heating host gas Ñows that can be much more complex. After an initial wind phase, gas Ñows in energetically strongly bound galaxies tend to reverse to inÑows. This occurs in the polar regions, while the disk is still in the outÑow phase. In this phase of strong decoupling, cold Ðlaments are created at the interface between inÑowing and outÑowing gas. Models with more realistic values of the dynamical quantities are preferentially found in the wind phase with respect to their spherical counterparts of equal The L B . resulting of this class of models is lower than in spherical models with the same and SNIa L X L B heating. At variance with cooling Ñow models, rotation is shown to have only a marginal e †ect in this reduction, while the Ñattening is one of the driving parameters for such underluminosity, in accordance with the analytical investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Decoupled and Inhomogeneous Gas Flows in S0 Galaxies

D’Ercole

Ciotti

1998

ApJ

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“…It is noteworthy that carotenoids did not appear in the feathers; this suggests that physiological processes regulate which tissues are suitable targets for deposition and which are not. Yellow skin coloration caused by ingestion of large amounts of lutein has been reported in humans (Mathews-Roth 1981). This condition has been called "carotenodermia," a name that we might well apply to the crayfish-eating storks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet Explains Interpopulation Variation of Plasma Carotenoids and Skin Pigmentation in Nestling White Storks

Negro¹,

Tella²,

Blanco³

et al. 2000

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Carotenoids have a dietary origin in birds, but mechanisms by which they are absorbed in the gut, transported in the blood, metabolized at various sites, and deposited in the integument remain poorly understood. Variation in both plasma carotenoid levels and external color may reflect different access to dietary carotenoids or individual physiological differences in the uptake and deposition of carotenoids. We compared total plasma carotenoid concentration in nestling white storks (Ciconia ciconia) from 11 Spanish colonies in two consecutive years. The main food item in one of the colonies was the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), a recently introduced species. Storks in the remaining colonies ate a variety of foods but no crayfish. Total plasma carotenoid levels in the colony where crayfish were consumed were about five times higher than in any other colony. These differences were maintained after controlling for the significant interyear variability, as well as for sex, age, and body mass of birds. Skin pigmentation also differed, being intensely orange in storks that consumed crayfish but white (unpigmented) in the remaining individuals. With thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and electronic absorption spectroscopy, astaxanthin was confirmed as the major carotenoid in crayfish as well as in the plasma, skin, and body fat of crayfish-eating storks, whereas lutein was the main carotenoid in plasma samples from the other colonies. These results indicate that a newly available carotenoid in the environment, astaxanthin, can be absorbed in large quantities from the gut and be transported in the blood before deposition in different tissues.

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“…Blankenhorn found that the carotenoid content in xanthomas can be increased about 30% by administration of low dose beta carotene (17 mg/d orally for 5 wk) (38). Patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria treated with oral doses ofbeta carotene (30-300 mg/d) often develop yellow coloration from cutaneous accumulation of carotenoids within a few weeks (44). Thus it may be possible to considerably increase the carotenoid content of Wavelength (nm) Figure 6.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preferential light absorption in atheromas in vitro. Implications for laser angioplasty.

Prince¹,

Deutsch²,

Mathews-Roth³

et al. 1986

J. Clin. Invest.

131

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Laser angioplasty, the in situ ablation of arterial obstructions with laser radiation, has been demonstrated in animal models and early clinical trials. A problem with this technique, however, is the possibility of thermal damage to adjacent or underlying normal tissues that also absorb the radiation. Using a spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere and a specially constructed tunable-dye laser-based spectrophotometer, we evaluated the transmittance and remittance of human cadaveric atheromas and adjacent normal aorta from 250 to 1,300 unm to identify wavebands where there is preferential light absorption by atheromas. Data were analyzed by both the Kubelka-Munk formalism and a Beer's law model. Both methods indicate that atheromas absorb more than normal aorta between 420 and 530 nm. At 470 nm the average Kubelka-Munk absorption coefficient of atheromas from 10 cadavers was 54±9 cm-1 compared with 26±6 cm-' for normal aortic specimens from seven cadavers. Yellow chromophores responsible for the atheroma absorbance were extractable with xylenes. Thin-layer chromatography and absorption spectra identified the extracted chromophores as predominantly consisting of a mix of carotenoids, which are known constituents of atheromatous lesions. Preferential absorption of blue light by carotenoids in atheromas may permit selective ablation of atheromatous obstructions with appropriate pulses of laser radiation.

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Carotenoids in Medical Applications

Cited by 20 publications

References 120 publications

Decoupled and Inhomogeneous Gas Flows in S0 Galaxies

Decoupled and Inhomogeneous Gas Flows in S0 Galaxies

Diet Explains Interpopulation Variation of Plasma Carotenoids and Skin Pigmentation in Nestling White Storks

Preferential light absorption in atheromas in vitro. Implications for laser angioplasty.

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