Carrageenan assisted synthesis of morphological diversity of CdO and Cd (OH)₂ with high antibacterial activity

Abstract

This research reports a simple and novel method for the controlled synthesis of cadmium oxide (CdO) and cadmium hydroxide (Cd(OH)2) with different new morphologies in the presence of NaBH4 or LiBH4 as reducing agent, by using κ-carrageenan as a capping/stabilizing agent and potassium bromide as a template. The synthesized products were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The impacts of reducing agent, reaction atmosphere, and concentration of reducing agent on size and morphology of the particles were discussed. We suggested that chemical etching and Kirkendall effect play a key role in the morphology of particles, and the etch rate depends on reducing agent concentration. It was found that by increasing the concentration of the reducing agent, the intensified etching leads to an increase in the size of the particles. The results show an increase in particle size with decreasing reducing agents power. The various morphologies obtained for CdO and Cd(OH)2 such as hollow cube, macro rod, nanoplate, and macroplate were discussed based on the Kirkendall effect and chemical etching. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was screened against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (s.aureus). The inhibition zones were ranged from 36–47 mm and 25–47 mm for different morphologies of CdO and Cd(OH)2, respectively. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production assay in the presence of bacteria was performed. The results did not show any positive result of ROS production.

Colorimetric pH-sensitive hydrogel film based on kappa-carrageenan containing quercetin or eucalyptus leaf extract for freshness monitoring of chicken meat

“…On the other hand, the absorption band at 1017 cm −1 is attributed to Glycosidic bonds. The absorption band at 930 cm −1 indicates the presence of 3,6-anhydro- d -galactose ( Mirzaei, Jamshidi, Morshedloo, Javanshir, & Manteghi, 2021 ). Moreover, glycerol’s C—O and C-OH vibrations bond appears in 1421 cm −1 and 1114 cm −1, respectively ( Danish, Mumtaz, Fakhar, & Rashid, 2017 ).…”

Alumina–Hydroxyapatite Millimetric Spheres for Cadmium(II) Removal in Aqueous Medium

“…31,32 To confirm the formation of cadmium oxide and hydroxide, an X-ray diffractogram of the A-HAp-Cd spheres was obtained, as shown in Figure 11. In the spheres, when cadmium was adsorbed, the appearance of peaks was observed in the diffractogram located at 29.56, 31.63, and 48.67°corresponding to the (011), (130), and (211) planes of the Cd(OH) 2 formation according to JCPDS card no 84-1767, 33 in addition to the peaks located at 39.73 and 66.78°corresponding to the (200) and (311) planes belonging to CdO according to JCPDS card no 05-0640. 34 No peaks were identified for the formation of a metal phosphate derived from adsorption by dissolution−precipitation.…”

Synthesis of Cd(OH)2-CdO Nanoparticles Using Veldt Grape Leaf Extract: Enhanced Dye Degradation and Microbial Resistance

“…The Bragg diffraction peak of Cd-1 reveals the main characteristic peak at function to the plane (002) of hexagonal with JCPDS card number 01-0305. Except the rst two peaks in Cd-1 samples shows a monoclinic phase with card number 84-1767 [32]. XRD diffractogram con rms (OH) 2 presence in the Cd-1 sample with both phases monoclinic and hexagonal with space group Im [8] and [164].…”