Carriage Of Group B Streptococci In Pregnant Gambian Mothers And Their Infants

Suara, Rahaman O.; Adegbola, Richard A.; Baker, Carol J.; Secka, Ousman; Mulholland, E. Kim; Greenwood, Brian

doi:10.1093/infdis/170.5.1316

Cited by 69 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…For example, GBS colonization is prevalent in the United States (15-25%), 6 Jordan (30%), 17 Trinidad (31%), 18 and Gambia (22%). 19 The prevalence rate of 6.0% in our pregnant population compares with the 4% seen by DeLourdes Collado and others in Mexico City. 8 Low prevalence rates have also been reported in Italy (6.6%), 20 Turkey (8.7%), 21 and Ethiopia (9%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Group B streptococcal colonization in a developing country: its association with sexually transmitted disease and socioeconomic factors.

Collins¹,

Calderón²,

Gilman³

et al. 1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is an important infectious organism in pregnant women and their neonates. Although excellent data are available from the developing world, little epidemiologic information is available from Latin America. To evaluate the prevalence of GBS colonization in a developing country, a prospective study was performed in Lima, Peru. We found a relatively low prevalence of GBS colonization of 6.0% in parturient women and 10.6% in nonpregnant women. No association of GBS colonization was made with previously identified risk factors such as age, parity, or birth control practices. We did find a positive association between GBS colonization and chlamydial carriage (P Ͻ 0.05). We also report an even distribution of GBS serotypes: Ia/c ϭ 35%, IIc ϭ 18%, III ϭ 29%, and V ϭ 18%. Our study provides evidence for a low prevalence of GBS maternal carriage in this urban Latin American population.Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in certain populations of pregnant women and their neonates throughout the world. The attack rate for neonatal invasive disease, both early and late onset, is between 1.7 and 3.3 per 1,000 live births in the United States 1,2 and 0.2-0.6 per 1,000 live births in Europe, 3 Canada, 4 and Israel. 5 Case-fatality rates for the early-onset disease in the United States that range from 5% to 20% illustrate the seriousness of the infection. 6 A recent large multicenter study, the Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study, detailed the association between heavy group B Streptococcal colonization and the delivery of a preterm, low-birth weight infant. 7 The infants born to the heavily colonized women were also at substantially increased risk of neonatal sepsis. Although excellent data are available from the developed world, there is little information on GBS invasive disease in the developing world. To our knowledge, only three maternal carriage studies have been performed in Latin America. [8][9][10] As the treatment of GBS by both chemoprophylaxis and vaccine becomes more refined, more GBS data is critical for effective public health planning. We performed a prospective study in Lima, Peru to evaluate the prevalence of GBS colonization in a developing country and its association with sexually transmitted disease. PATIENTS, MATERIALS, AND METHODSStudy design. This prospective study took place in Lima, Peru from August through October 1991. A parturient group of 151 women was chosen sequentially at La Maternidad de Lima, a large inner-city maternity hospital. Nonpregnant women were sampled sequentially in two clinical settings: 1) 60 women presenting to the family planning clinic at Loayza Hospital for a routine annual examination and birth control; and 2) 63 prostitutes presenting for their monthly clinic visit. Although the latter group was chosen for its high-risk sexual practices, these women are examined monthly, screened, and treated for sexually transmitted disease.Informed consent was obtained from all participants and human ethica...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Group B streptococcal colonization in a developing country: its association with sexually transmitted disease and socioeconomic factors.

Collins¹,

Calderón²,

Gilman³

et al. 1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Some streptococci were found to belong to group B, an organism which can be highly pathogenic for newborns, particularly at the time of delivery, when it is associated with neonatal sepsis and premature delivery [19]. The prevalence of streptococcus B seems in this study to be particularly low (1-3%) compared to that reported in other parts of Africa [20], where surprisingly the high prevalence of streptococcus was not associated with disease in newborns.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

HIV-infected women of Burkina Faso: a “reservoir” of mycoplasma infection

Djigma¹,

Ouédraogo²,

Sagna³

et al. 2011

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: The objective of this work was to assess the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and genital mycoplasma colonization in 251 HIV-positive compared to 200 HIV-negative women at the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) service of Saint Camille Medical Center Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Methodology: After revealing the cervix with a speculum, we collected swabs of vaginal discharge for the detection of pathogenic bacteria. Results: Among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women, we identified respectively: Mycoplasma hominis (16.7% versus 5.5%); Ureaplasma urealyticum (16.3% versus 0.0%); co-infection M. hominis with U. urealyticum (13.14% versus 0.0%); Candida albicans (21.11% versus 41.5%); E. coli (9.96% versus 4.0%); and the presence of abundant vaginal discharge (27.5% versus 5.0%) respectively. The Nugent's score, utilized for the diagnosis of BV, was significantly higher in HIV-positive women (p < 0.001) associated with poor vaginal hygiene practices (p < 0.01) and no use of condoms (p < 0.01). Enterobacter, Klebsiella pneumonia, Klebsiella oxitocica, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Gardnerella vaginalis were also isolated, but in a low prevalence ranging from 0% to 5%. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the HIV-positive women of Burkina Faso are frequently affected by BV and represent a reservoir for mycoplasma infection. Since these germs can lead to sterility and premature delivery, it is important to develop a policy of screening.

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“…However, there is an urgent need to establish the disease burden arising from this colonization as all studies reported so far failed to address this. However, in studies carried out in other African countries, higher prevalence rates were obtained, such as: Malawi (16.5%) (12), Gambia (22.0%) (13), Zimbabwe (20-32%), (14) and) Ivory Coast (19.0%) (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Most data on GBS epidemiology are from Europe and North America and a few cases of GBS infections (5-7) and carriage as a public health problem have been reported from Nigeria (5,8,9,10,11) and other African countries (12,13,14). This study was designed to determine the prevalence of GBS in pregnancy and the incidence of GBS infections in intrapartum in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group B Streptococcus Carriage during Late Pregnancy in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Onipede¹,

Adefusi²,

Adeyemi³

et al. 2012

Af J Clin Exp Micro

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This study determined the prevalence of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) in late pregnancy and the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated GBS as well as the impact of GBS infections on pregnancy related clinical outcome with a view of providing an epidemiological baseline data for policy formulation in the teaching hospital. It is an observational and cross-sectional hospital based study. One hundred and fifty pregnant women from 35-40 weeks of gestation were purposively selected and included in the study from May to December 2010. Vaginal swab samples were aseptically collected from the subjects after informed consent. The samples were assayed for presence of GBS. The susceptibility pattern of the isolated GBS to different antibiotics were assessed using disc diffusion and agar dilution techniques based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards institute(CLSI) standards. The result showed prevalence of 11.3% GBS vaginal colonization which increased with age. There was no significant association between GBS colonization status and age (p >0.05)), gestational age (p >0.05)), gravidity (p >0.05) and obstetric risk factors (p >0.05)). There was no incidence of GBS infection observed. Although, all (17) the GBS isolates were 100% resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, cefoxitin and clindamycin. Resistance to cefotaxime (11.8%), erythromycin (64.7%) and vancomycin 70.6% were observed. Group B Streptococcus colonization in vagina in late pregnancy has been established in the antenatal clinic of the teaching hospital with the attendant risk to the fetus in the population of those affected. There were high and multiple resistance patterns of the GBS isolates to different antibiotics in this study. This calls for a review of the present hospital policy to include the routine screening of GBS during antenatal visits and surveillance.

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Carriage Of Group B Streptococci In Pregnant Gambian Mothers And Their Infants

Cited by 69 publications

References 9 publications

Group B streptococcal colonization in a developing country: its association with sexually transmitted disease and socioeconomic factors.

Group B streptococcal colonization in a developing country: its association with sexually transmitted disease and socioeconomic factors.

HIV-infected women of Burkina Faso: a “reservoir” of mycoplasma infection

Group B Streptococcus Carriage during Late Pregnancy in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

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