Carrier-envelope offset dynamics of mode-locked lasers

Helbing, F.W.; Steinmeyer, Günter; Keller, U.; Windeler, R.S.; Stenger, Jörn; Telle, H.R.

doi:10.1364/ol.27.000194

Cited by 64 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…We therefore see only two possible explanations for the physical origin of this 1∕f noise. This contribution may either be generated by the Kerr effect [15], which converts white power fluctuations into spectrally flat frequency noise, or the phase noise may directly arise from ASE [16,17].…”

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confidence: 99%

On the origin of flicker noise in carrier-envelope phase stabilization

Song

Lücking²,

Borchers

et al. 2014

Opt. Lett.

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The origin of a 1/f noise contribution in the long-term carrier-envelope phase (CEP) measurements of mode-locked lasers is discussed. Using two different collinear interferometers for the out-of-loop characterization of feed-forward stabilized Ti:sapphire oscillators, we suppress a possible technical origin of 1/f noise to the extent possible. Both measurements indicate a lower limit of CEP frequency noise of 1 mHz/√Hz. Investigating several possible origins of this noise floor, we find a good agreement with a quantum noise mechanism that is directly induced by intracavity-amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). These findings enable direct access to ASE noise in short-pulse oscillators, which is very hard to characterize via repetition rate fluctuations. Finally, we discuss the possible consequences for frequency-comb-based timekeeping and frequency metrology, as well as for attosecond science.

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confidence: 99%

On the origin of flicker noise in carrier-envelope phase stabilization

Song

Lücking²,

Borchers

et al. 2014

Opt. Lett.

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“…Therefore, the CEO phase may exhibit large fluctuations, even when all other laser parameters are stabilized. We have discussed the physical origin of these fluctuations before [8], [9] and will review them later in this paper. Because nonlinear laser-matter interaction depends strongly on the strength of the electric field, these CEO fluctuations cause strong signal fluctuations in nonlinear experiments such as high harmonic generation [10], attosecond pulse generation [11], photoelectron emission [12], etc.…”

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confidence: 99%

Carrier-envelope offset phase-locking with attosecond timing jitter

Helbing¹,

Steinmeyer

Keller³

2003

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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Inside a femtosecond laser oscillator, no coupling mechanism between the propagation speeds of the carrier and the pulse envelope exists. Therefore, the relative delay between carrier and envelope of a femtosecond oscillator will exhibit irregular fluctuations unless this jitter is actively suppressed. Both intensity and beam pointing fluctuations in the laser can introduce carrier-envelope phase changes. Based on our analysis, we are capable of reducing or avoiding certain mechanisms by proper design of the laser cavity. We use such an optimized cavity to stabilize the carrier envelope-phase to an external reference oscillator with a long-term residual jitter corresponding to only 10 attoseconds in a (100 kHz-0.01 Hz) bandwidth. This is the smallest long-term timing jitter of a femtosecond laser oscillator demonstrated to date. However, it is important to note that this stabilization was obtained with an -to-2 heterodyne technique using additional external spectral broadening in a microstructure fiber which introduces additional carrier-envelope phase noise. We present a direct heterodyne measurement of this additional carrier-envelope phase noise due to the continuum generation process.Index Terms-Mode-locked lasers, optical Kerr effect, phase jitter, phase synchronization, ultrafast optics.

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“…It may lead to excess carrier-envelopeoffset (CEO) phase noise of optical frequency combs after transmission through a hollow-core fiber. Such excess CEO phase noise arises due to different AM-PM conversion for the carrier phase and envelope timing [1].…”

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confidence: 99%