Cartilage Imaging: A Review of Current Concepts and Emerging Technologies

Rogers, Alan; Payne, Jason E.; Yu, Joseph S.

doi:10.1053/j.ro.2012.11.006

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Please see Table 1 for details of the chosen sequence parameters. The PD-fs sequences are frequently used for imaging of the knee joint and articular cartilage [ 23 , 24 ] and were acquired in the sagittal, axial and coronal planes ( δ 0 ) and the axial and coronal planes ( δ vlg1 , δ vlg2 , δ vlg3 , δ var1 , δ var2 , and δ var3 ), respectively. The WATSc sequence was acquired in the coronal plane and used to perform cartilage segmentations and morphometric measurements [ 25 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An MRI-compatible varus–valgus loading device for whole-knee joint functionality assessment based on compartmental compression: a proof-of-concept study

Said

Schock

Krämer

et al. 2020

Magn Reson Mater Phy

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Objective Beyond static assessment, functional techniques are increasingly applied in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Stress MRI techniques bring together MRI and mechanical loading to study knee joint and tissue functionality, yet prototypical axial compressive loading devices are bulky and complex to operate. This study aimed to design and validate an MRI-compatible pressure-controlled varus–valgus loading device that applies loading along the joint line. Methods Following the device’s thorough validation, we demonstrated proof of concept by subjecting a structurally intact human cadaveric knee joint to serial imaging in unloaded and loaded configurations, i.e. to varus and valgus loading at 7.5 kPa (= 73.5 N), 15 kPa (= 147.1 N), and 22.5 kPa (= 220.6 N). Following clinical standard (PDw fs) and high-resolution 3D water-selective cartilage (WATSc) sequences, we performed manual segmentations and computations of morphometric cartilage measures. We used CT and radiography (to quantify joint space widths) and histology and biomechanics (to assess tissue quality) as references. Results We found (sub)regional decreases in cartilage volume, thickness, and mean joint space widths reflective of areal pressurization of the medial and lateral femorotibial compartments. Discussion Once substantiated by larger sample sizes, varus–valgus loading may provide a powerful alternative stress MRI technique.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An MRI-compatible varus–valgus loading device for whole-knee joint functionality assessment based on compartmental compression: a proof-of-concept study

Said

Schock

Krämer

et al. 2020

Magn Reson Mater Phy

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“…Conventional imaging modalities like arthroscopic imaging, standard radiography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are widely used in daily clinical diagnosis. [9][10][11] Despite that, arthroscopy is primarily a qualitative assessment technique that falls short of the laboratory assessment standards of histopathology, biochemical analysis, and biomechanical testing. Both radiography and ultrasound fail to provide critical information regarding the biochemical composition of the cartilage ECM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of glycosaminoglycan loss in articular cartilage by fluorescence lifetime imaging

et al. 2018

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Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) loss is an early marker of osteoarthritis, which is a clinical late stage disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The goal of our study was to evaluate the ability of a fiber-based fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) technique to detect GAG loss in articular cartilage. Native bovine cartilage explants (n ¼ 20) were exposed to 0 (control), 0.5 (low), or 1 U∕mL (high) concentrations of chondroitinase ABC (cABC) to create samples with different levels of GAG loss. FLIm assessment (excitation: 355 nm; detection: channel 1: 375 to 410 nm, channel 2: 450 to 485 nm, channel 3: 530 to 565 nm) was conducted on depthresolved cross-sections of the cartilage sample. FLIm images, validated with histology, revealed that loss of GAG resulted in a decrease of fluorescence lifetime values in channel 2 (Δ ¼ 0.44 ns, p < 0.05) and channel 3 (Δ ¼ 0.75 ns, p < 0.01) compared to control samples (channel 2: 6.34 ns; channel 3: 5.22 ns). Fluorescence intensity ratio values were lower in channel 1 (37%, p < 0.0001) and channel 2 (31% decrease, p < 0.0001) and higher in channel 3 (23%, p < 0.0001) relative to control samples. These results show that FLIm can detect the loss of GAG in articular cartilage and support further investigation into the feasibility of in vivo FLIm arthroscopy.

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“…Subsequently, non-invasive modalities of detecting early cartilage matrix alterations, including new imaging techniques for the same, have aroused a great deal of interest. 10–14 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zonal T2* and T1_Gdassessment of knee joint cartilage in various histological grades of cartilage degeneration: an observational in vitro study

Bittersohl

Hosalkar²,

Miese

et al. 2015

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesAccurate assessment of cartilage status is increasingly becoming important to clinicians for offering joint preservation surgeries versus joint replacements. The goal of this study was to evaluate the validity of three-dimensional (3D), gradient-echo (GRE)-based T2* and T1Gd mapping for the assessment of various histological severities of degeneration in knee joint cartilage with potential implications for clinical management.MethodsMRI and histological assessment were conducted in 36 ex vivo lateral femoral condyle specimens. The MRI protocol included a 3D GRE multiecho data image combination sequence in order to assess the T2* decay, a 3D double-echo steady-state sequence for assessment of cartilage morphology, and a dual flip angle 3D GRE sequence with volumetric interpolated breathhold examination for the T1Gd assessment. The histological sample analysis was performed according to the Mankin system. The data were then analysed statistically and correlated.ResultsWe observed a significant decrease in the T2* and T1Gd values with increasing grades of cartilage degeneration (p<0.001) and a moderate correlation between T2* (r=0.514)/T1Gd (r=0.556) and the histological grading of cartilage degeneration (p<0.001). In addition, we noted a zonal variation in the T2* and T1Gd values reflecting characteristic zonal differences in the biochemical composition of hyaline cartilage.ConclusionsThis study outlines the potential of GRE-based T2* and T1Gd mapping to identify various grades of cartilage damage. Early changes in specific zones may assist clinicians in identifying methods of early intervention involving the targeted joint preservation approach versus moving forward with unicompartmental, bicompartmental or tricompartmental joint replacement procedures.Trial registration numberDRKS00000729.

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Cartilage Imaging: A Review of Current Concepts and Emerging Technologies

Cited by 20 publications

References 57 publications

An MRI-compatible varus–valgus loading device for whole-knee joint functionality assessment based on compartmental compression: a proof-of-concept study

An MRI-compatible varus–valgus loading device for whole-knee joint functionality assessment based on compartmental compression: a proof-of-concept study

Detection of glycosaminoglycan loss in articular cartilage by fluorescence lifetime imaging

Zonal T2* and T1_Gdassessment of knee joint cartilage in various histological grades of cartilage degeneration: an observational in vitro study

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Cartilage Imaging: A Review of Current Concepts and Emerging Technologies

Cited by 20 publications

References 57 publications

An MRI-compatible varus–valgus loading device for whole-knee joint functionality assessment based on compartmental compression: a proof-of-concept study

An MRI-compatible varus–valgus loading device for whole-knee joint functionality assessment based on compartmental compression: a proof-of-concept study

Detection of glycosaminoglycan loss in articular cartilage by fluorescence lifetime imaging

Zonal T2* and T1Gdassessment of knee joint cartilage in various histological grades of cartilage degeneration: an observational in vitro study

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Zonal T2* and T1_Gdassessment of knee joint cartilage in various histological grades of cartilage degeneration: an observational in vitro study