Case-control study for assessment of factors associated with periodontitis among adults attending university hospital in Karachi, Pakistan

Abstract

Abstract
 Objective: To compare the physiological and biochemical markers in healthy and periodontitis subjects, and to relate these markers with the periodontal health condition.
 Methods: The case-control study was conducted at the Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from April 2017 to March 2018, and comprised systematically healthy controls and periodontitis cases. Periodontal probing depth, clinical attachment loss, oral hygiene indices, educational status and body mass index were recorded for all the subjects. Serum levels of biochemical markers, including calcium, phosphate and interleukin-6, were also measured. Data was analysed using SPSS 16.
 Results: Of the 150 subjects, 75(50%) each were in the case and control groups. The overall mean age was 31.23+3.7 years (range: 22-42 years). The cases had relatively poor oral hygiene indices and educational status compared to the controls (p<0.05). Serum calcium level was lower, whereas mean body mass index was higher in the cases compared to the controls (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in interleukin-6 and phosphate levels (p>0.05). Clinical attachment loss showed significant correlation (p<0.05).
 Conclusion: Low serum calcium and educational levels, higher body mass index and poor oral hygiene were found to be the risk factors for the progression of periodontitis.
 Key Words: Periodontitis, Serum calcium, BMI, Oral hygiene, Clinical attachment loss.

Retrospective Analysis of Periodontal Bone Loss from Orthopantogram X-Ray of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients Visiting Punjab Dental Hospital Lahore

“…(18) High risk of Periodontitis is also associated with low socioeconomic status in current study and in Herrera et al, (2018). ( 27) Finding of a case and control study reported by Rafique et al, (2020) in Karachi shows that low education status is associated with Periodontitis that is similar to finding of the current study. (28) In the current study bone loss was measured in OPG x-ray while standard radiograph is periapical, and bitewing for measurement of bone loss however findings of bone loss can be comparable to bitewing.…”

“…( 27) Finding of a case and control study reported by Rafique et al, (2020) in Karachi shows that low education status is associated with Periodontitis that is similar to finding of the current study. (28) In the current study bone loss was measured in OPG x-ray while standard radiograph is periapical, and bitewing for measurement of bone loss however findings of bone loss can be comparable to bitewing. (29) Recently a scientific report was published by Krois et al, (2019) to measure bone loss by deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to detect periodontal bone loss (PBL) on panoramic dental radiographs.…”