Case-Control Study Of Risk Factors For Breast Cancer In Nigerian Women: A Pilot Study

Okobia, Michael; Bunker, Clareann H.; Lee, L.L.; Osime, U; Uche, Emmanuel

doi:10.4314/eamj.v82i1.9288

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Some studies found significantly or marginally significantly reduced risk among women whose birth had been preceded by the birth of at least five siblings [ 20 , 35 ]. Other several studies noted an increased risk associated with higher birth order [ 15 , 37 , 48 , 49 ], whereas some studies failed to observe such an association [ 12 , 18 , 32 , 50 ]. One study did not supply the estimated risk but describe the P value by the mean difference of birth order [ 51 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrauterine environments and breast cancer risk: meta-analysis and systematic review

et al. 2008

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Introduction Various perinatal factors, including birth weight, birth order, maternal age, gestational age, twin status, and parental smoking, have been postulated to affect breast cancer risk in daughters by altering the hormonal environment of the developing fetal mammary glands. Despite ample biologic plausibility, epidemiologic studies to date have yielded conflicting results. We investigated the associations between perinatal factors and subsequent breast cancer risk through meta-analyses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrauterine environments and breast cancer risk: meta-analysis and systematic review

et al. 2008

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“…Breastfeeding frequencies were significantly different between cases and controls (P=0.033), suggesting the protective effect of breastfeeding against BC in Libyan women. Simelar results were reported from Nigeria (Okobia et al, 2005), USA (Stuebe et al, 2009) and Sri Lanka (De Silva et al, 2010). In addition, Helewa suggested that such a protective association might be due to the reduction of endogenous and exogenous carcinogens present in the breast epithelial cells during lactation (Helewa et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Association of Risk Factors with Breast Cancer in Libyan Women

Ameigaal¹,

Ageel²,

Abdoarahem³

2020

MJSc

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Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among Libyan females. There are many important risk factors for BC in different populations as suggested by epidemiological studies. BC is an etiologically complex disease affected by genetic and other environmental factors, which include gender, age, previous breast cancer, body mass index, menopausal status, postmenopausal hormonal therapy, reproductive factor, alcohol consumption, smoking and breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to investigate if there is an association between risk factors and breast cancer among Libyan females. Data were collected by using questioners for 38 cases with breast cancer from Tripoli Medical Center and 100 controls from March 2016 to February 2017. The results showed that risk of breast cancer was associated with age, the mean ages (± SD) of the case and control groups were 46.7 ± 15.6 and 38.8 ± 19.1 respectively, age at the first birth (P=0.036), family history with first-degree relative percentage of the cases and control groups were 21% and 4% and second-degree relatives were 10.5% and 13% respectively with statistical difference (P=0.042) and menopausal status (P=0.002). The risk decreased with breastfeeding (P=0.033). No association was observed between passive smoking (P=0.363) and the number of pregnancies and births (P=0.402). Data from this study indicated that there were some factors associated with breast cancer among Libyan females including age, age at the first pregnancy, family history and menopausal status.

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“…53 Of 12 studies, only two detected a statistically significant increase in breast cancer risk among women with mothers older than 25 43 or 35−39 years. 26 Although many publications of the independent effects of birth order in relation to breast cancer risk have indicated null or statistically non-significant associations 17,21,24,25,29,35,36,43,47,48,50,51,54,55 , at least three studies have shown inverse associations between birth order and breast cancer risk, either overall, or among subgroups of premenopausal women 28,32,46 Within the substantial literature of breastmilk consumption in infancy in relation to adult breast cancer risk, two reviews 42,53 and a meta-analysis 57 suggest that women exposed to breastmilk as infants may have a 20−35% reduction in breast cancer risk. A third review concluded that while early viral etiology hypotheses 58 have clearly not been upheld, results regarding the association between breastmilk exposure and breast cancer risk have been largely inconsistent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%