Case-control study of sexually transmitted diseases as cofactors for HIV-1 transmission

Beck, Eduard J.; Mandalia, Sundhiya; Leonard, Kimberly Jeffries; Griffith, R.; Harris, J. R. W.; Miller, Donna L.

doi:10.1258/0956462961917023

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…In fact, a study by Cohan et al (2006) reported that 44% of the 78 study participants had a history of a sexually transmitted infection (STI). STIs increase the risk for HIV infection because they provide a portal of entry for HIV into the body and increase the number of CD41 cells that the HIV virus targets for replication (Beck et al, 1996).…”

Section: High-risk Sexual Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Infection Risk Factors Among Male-to-Female Transgender Persons: A Review of the Literature

Santis¹

2009

Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care

149

141

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Male-to-female (MTF) transgender women experience a host of psychosocial issues such as discrimination, stigmatization, and marginalization. These challenges often limit economic opportunities, affect mental health, and may place members of this population at an increased risk for HIV infection. This report presents a review of the literature that focuses on risk factors for HIV infection specific to the MTF population. Factors including needle sharing and substance abuse, high-risk sexual behaviors, commercial sex work, health care access, lack of knowledge regarding HIV transmission, violence, stigma and discrimination, and mental health issues have been identified in the literature as risk factors for the acquisition of HIV infection by members of this population. Implications for care provided to MTF transgender persons are presented, and suggestions for future research are identified.

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Section: High-risk Sexual Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Infection Risk Factors Among Male-to-Female Transgender Persons: A Review of the Literature

Santis¹

2009

Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care

149

141

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“…STDs are a major cause of acute illness, infertility, long-term disability and death, with severe medical and psychological consequences [Beck et al, 1996]. It is estimated that 340 million episodes of curable STDs occur annually worldwide (http:// www.who.ch/whosis/whosis.html).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hepatitis B (HBV), HIV viruses and Treponema pallidum are among the most important STDs agents. As STDs may increase the risk of HIV infection [Beck et al, 1996], preventing and treating STDs would help reduce the spread of HIV. More than 42 million people worldwide are currently infected with HIV-1 (http://who.int/hiv/pub/epidemiology/ epi2002/en/), 70% of who live in Sub-Saharan Africa [Laurent and Delaporte, 2001].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of HIV‐1 non‐B subtypes, syphilis, HTLV, and hepatitis B and C viruses among immigrant sex workers in Madrid, Spain

Gutiérrez

Tajada²,

Álvarez³

et al. 2004

Journal of Medical Virology

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Sexually transmitted disease (STD) remains a major public health challenge in developed countries, exacerbated by the advent of the HIV epidemic. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of serological markers of syphilis, HIV-1/2, HTLV-I/II, HBV, and HCV infections among immigrant sex workers in Madrid, Spain and to characterize the HIV-1 variants in seropositive individuals. Sera from 762 immigrant commercial sex workers (75.3% from sub-Saharan Africa, 18.2% from South America, and 6.4% from Eastern Europe) were collected between 1998 and 2003 in Madrid and examined. Antibody detection was performed by screening assays (RPR, ELISAs) and confirmed by FTA-Abs, LIAs and Western-blot tests. HIV-1 subtyping was carried out by phylogenetic analyses of the protease and envelope genes. Antibodies to HIV-1 were found in 5.2%, while 3.5% tested positive for HBsAg, 3% for syphilis antibodies, 0.8% for HCV antibodies, and 0.2% for HTLV-I antibodies. None were reactive for HIV-2 or HTLV-II antibodies. HIV-1 seroprevalence among Africans and Ecuadorians was 4.5 and 10.9%, respectively. All HIV-1 seropositive Ecuadorians were transsexual men, and 28.6% had active syphilis infection. Up to 80% of HIV-1 positive specimens were characterized as non-B subtypes, with subtypes G, A, and G/A recombinants being the most frequent among African individuals. In contrast, South Americans with HIV-1 infection carried exclusively subtype B variants. A relatively high proportion of immigrant sex workers in Madrid were infected with HIV-1 and syphilis, whereas infections with hepatitis viruses or HTLV were uncommon.

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“…In some African countries, the prevalence of HSV-2 has been reported to vary between 17 and nearly 70% (13). As HSV-2-induced lesions facilitate the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (6,32), HSV-2 infection poses an additional threat to these populations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Secreted Portion of Glycoprotein G of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Is a Novel Antigen for Type-Discriminating Serology

2003

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The secreted portion of glycoprotein G (sgG-2) of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) was evaluated as a novel antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format for detection of type-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in HSV-2-infected patients. The results were compared with those obtained by a commercially available assay, the HerpeSelect 2 ELISA (the FOCUS2 assay). Five different panels of sera were analyzed: panel A consisted of 109 serum samples from patients with a culture-proven HSV-1 infection that were Western blotting (WB) negative for HSV-2; panel B consisted of 106 serum samples from patients with a culture-proven recurrent HSV-2 infection that were WB positive for HSV-2; panel C consisted of 100 serum samples with no detectable IgG antibodies against HSV-1 and HSV-2; panel D consisted of 70 HSV-2 negative "tricky" serum samples containing antinuclear IgG antibodies or IgM antibodies against other viruses or bacteria; and panel E consisted of consecutive serum samples from 21 patients presenting with a first episode of HSV-2-induced lesions. When sera in panels A to C were analyzed, the sgG-2 ELISA and the FOCUS2 assay both showed sensitivities and specificities of >98%. In total, among the samples in panel D, 13 serum samples (19%) were false positive by the FOCUS2 assay and 1 serum sample (1.4%) was false positive by the sgG-2 ELISA. When the sera in panel E were analyzed, the sgG-2 ELISA detected seroconversion somewhat later than WB or the FOCUS2 assay did. We conclude that sgG-2 induces an HSV-2 type-specific antibody response and can be used for type-discriminating serology.

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Case-control study of sexually transmitted diseases as cofactors for HIV-1 transmission

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

HIV Infection Risk Factors Among Male-to-Female Transgender Persons: A Review of the Literature

HIV Infection Risk Factors Among Male-to-Female Transgender Persons: A Review of the Literature

Prevalence of HIV‐1 non‐B subtypes, syphilis, HTLV, and hepatitis B and C viruses among immigrant sex workers in Madrid, Spain

Secreted Portion of Glycoprotein G of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Is a Novel Antigen for Type-Discriminating Serology

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