Case-control study of sudden infant death syndrome in Scotland, 1992-5

Brooke, Hazel; Gibson, A. A. M.; Tappin, David; Brown, Helen

doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7093.1516

Cited by 203 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…1,2 In Canada, the incidence of SIDS decreased from 1.09 in 1000 live births in 1984 to 0.49 in 1000 live births in 1999. Many risk factors have been identified and publicized, including the winter season, 2,3 lower social status of parents, 4 environmental tobacco smoke, 1,4 and the prone position.…”

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confidence: 99%

Air Pollution and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

et al. 2004

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ABSTRACT. Background. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) affects ϳ1 in 1000 live births and is the most common cause of infant death after the perinatal period.Objective. To determine the influence of air pollution on the incidence of SIDS.Methods. Time-series analyses were performed to compare the daily mortality rates for SIDS and the daily air pollution concentrations in each of 12 Canadian cities during the period of 1984-1999. Serial autocorrelation was controlled for by city, and then the city-specific estimates were pooled. Increased daily rates of SIDS were associated with increases, on the previous day, in the levels of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and carbon monoxide but not ozone or fine particles measured every sixth day. Effects persisted despite adjustments for season alone or the combination of daily mean temperature, relative humidity, and changes in barometric pressure for NO 2 and SO 2 but not carbon monoxide.Results. Increases in both SO 2 and NO 2 , equivalent to their interquartile ranges, were associated with a 17.72% increase in SIDS incidence.Conclusion. Ambient SO 2 and NO 2 may be important risk factors for SIDS. Pediatrics 2004;113:e628 -e631. URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/113/6/e628; air pollution, epidemiology, SIDS.ABBREVIATIONS. SIDS, sudden infant death syndrome; PM 10 , particulate matter with a median aerodynamic diameter of Ͻ10 m.

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confidence: 99%

Air Pollution and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

et al. 2004

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“…In the context of the common bacterial toxin hypothesis for SIDS, this could explain the lowered risk of SIDS associated with use of a waterproof cover above the mattress (Wilson et al 1994;Brooke et al 1997;Ford et al 2000). The level of guidance on the nature of the surface on which infants should sleep varies considerably between countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brooke et al (1997) reported an increased risk of SIDS associated with sleeping on older mattresses not completely covered in polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Tappin et al (2002) subsequently showed that routine use of an infant mattress previously used by another child is also associated with an increased risk of SIDS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Used cot mattresses as potential reservoirs of bacterial infection: nutrient availability within polyurethane foam

Jenkins

Sherburn

2007

J Appl Microbiol

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Aim: To evaluate possible source of nutrients for bacterial growth within polyurethane (PU) foam of used cot mattresses as determinants of bacterial population density. Methods and Results: Used infant mattresses (n = 30) were analysed for bacteria capable of degrading colloidal PU and for aqueous soluble chemical components (aromatic amines, ammonium ions, phosphates and protein). Mattress type (waterproof cover vs exposed PU foam at the infant‐head region), mattress age and previous use by another child were evaluated as factors that could influence the measured parameters. The levels of protein extracted from PU foam were (i) significantly (P = 0·0019) higher for mattresses lacking a waterproof cover at the infant‐head region and (ii) positively correlated with both culturable bacterial population densities of the PU foams and extent of growth of Staphylococcus aureus on aqueous leachates. No statistically significant (P > 0·05) associations between other measured parameters and mattress type/use factors were identified. Conclusions: Infant use of cot mattresses with exposed PU foam leads to accumulation of proteins within the PU, which can promote bacterial growth. Significance and Impact of the Study: The study provides a mechanistic explanation for increased levels of bacteria associated with exposed PU of cot mattresses. In the context of the common bacterial toxins hypothesis for the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), this could explain the lowered risk of SIDS associated with use of a waterproof cover above the mattress.

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“…[9][10][11][12][13][14] At the IWK Health Centre, infants with special medical or developmental needs who require prone lying position for sleep are currently monitored by pulse oximetry in accordance with the Infant Positioning Policy. 20 The purpose of this paper was to determine if there is any evidence in the literature demonstrating that pulse oximetry monitoring of otherwise healthy infants who require prone sleep position reduces mortality from SIDS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 There is an abundance of evidence suggesting that sleep in the prone as opposed to the supine position is one of the major exogenous stressors associated with SIDS. [9][10][11][12][13][14] Since 1992 the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has recommended that infants be placed in the supine position for sleep in order to reduce the risk of SIDS, 2 and implementation of the 'Back to Sleep' program has reduced the incidence of SIDS deaths by over 50% worldwide. 15 In 1992 the rate of SIDS was 1.2/1,000 live births and only 13% of infants slept on their backs, whereas in 2006 the rate of SIDS dropped to 0.55/1,000 live births and more than 75% of infants slept supine.…”

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confidence: 99%