Case‐crossover study design in pharmacoepidemiology: systematic review and recommendations

Abstract

Use of the case-crossover design in pharmacoepidemiology has increased rapidly in the last decade. As the application of the case-crossover design continues to increase, it is important to develop standards of practice, especially for display of data.

Psychoactive medicine use and the risk of hip fracture in older people: a case-crossover study

“…The sensitivity analyses conducted in this case‐crossover study are consistent with current methodological recommendations to assess alternative exposure windows . The choice of control window in this study influenced the result only for tricyclic antidepressants.…”

Changes in drinking as predictors of changes in sickness absence: a case-crossover study

“…This result supports our choice to include abstainers in the low-risk group. Important assumptions are equal opportunity to be exposed and unexposed during the case and control periods; exposure is transient; and outcome is clearly defined 40. In the analyses, measurement phase was controlled for.…”

Association of Short-Term Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs With Stroke in Patients With Hypertension

“…8,9 In detail, in accordance with the case-crossover design model, each study patient served as his/her own control, and as such, time-unvarying confounding factors were not adjusted in the subsequent analytic models. The odds ratios were computed using a pair-matched approach to evaluate the effect of NSAIDs use within the period right before the occurrence of stroke (case period) with a comparable period (control period).…”