“…Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has revolutionized our perception of how advanced technologies contribute to medical education and clinical practice by augmenting the current visualization tools or standard diagnostic or planning approaches used in the different fields of medicine. Patient-specific or personized 3D-printed models derived from medical imaging datasets such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound have been increasingly used for medical applications, with research findings proving its value in different aspects [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Figure 1 summarizes the current medical applications of 3D-printed models.…”