Summary:Dyskeratosis congenita is recognized by its dermal lesions and constitutional aplastic anemia in some cases. We report successful allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in two siblings with this disease from their sister, and their long term follow-up. We used reduced doses of cyclophosphamide and busulfan for conditioning instead of total body irradiation. Also, we report late adverse effects of transplantation which are not distinguishable from the natural course of disease. Keywords: allogeneic bone marrow transplantation; constitutional anemia; dyskeratosis congenita Dyskeratosis congenita is a rare congenital syndrome characterized by atrophy and reticular pigmentation of skin, dystrophy of nails, 1 leukoplakia together with multi-system ectodermal and some mesodermal changes. Skin changes are typically located on the upper torso, neck and face, although the extremities may also be involved. Other manifestations of dyskeratosis congenita may be some other epithelial changes such as gingival disorders, dysphagia due to esophageal strictures, skeletal abnormality, aplastic anemia, 2 mental deficiency and hypersplenism.Severe aplastic anemia appears between the ages of 5 and 10 years. 3 Most of the cases transmit as an X-linked recessive inheritance pattern, although autosomal recessive 4 and autosomal dominant transmission 5 have also been reported. Results of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in these patients have been relatively poor due to early and late complications. [6][7][8][9][10] We describe the effect of bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia in two siblings with dyskeratosis congenita from a single donor. The other brother of these two siblings had died due to bone marrow failure and dyskeratosis congenita previously. The parents of patients were not first cousins and were phenotypically normal.Correspondence: Dr K Alimoghadam, Shariati Hospital, Karger Aven, Tehran 14114 Iran Received 3 August 1998; accepted 8 September 1998Case report
Case 1Patient 1 was an 18-year-old man with dyskeratosis congenita with reticular pigmentation, nail dystrophy, leukoplakia and marrow failure. He had received oxymetholone before BMT, with a history of frequent blood and platelet transfusion. Pulmonary function tests before bone marrow transplantation were normal. His bone marrow was hypoplastic and peripheral blood indices showed pancytopenia (Table 1).His conditioning regimen was cyclophosphamide 20 mg/kg/day for 4 days and busulfan 0.2 mg/kg/day for 4 days. Transplantation was carried out with infusion of 4.6 × 10 8 mononuclear cells per kilogram of body weight from bone marrow of his HLA-identical healthy sister. We used methotrexate and cyclosporin for GVHD prophylaxis and mild skin and gastrointestinal acute GVHD occurred after transplantation. He was discharged from hospital 37 days after marrow transplantation. On further follow-up, only his skin showed erythematous lesions and desquamation of his face, which was not possible to differentiate between chronic GVHD and dyskeratosis. He ...