“…In addition, increasing effort has been made to understand the barriers and challenges to implementing successful HL operations. Studies have addressed myriad complications, such as: coordination and collaboration between stakeholders; communication problems and impediments to information sharing (Maiers, Reynolds, and Haselkorn, 2005;Comfort, 2007;Bharosa, Lee, and Janssen, 2009;Takasaki, 2011;Day et al, 2012); the intricacies and uncertainties of disaster settings; and the difficulties in bridging cultural gaps during humanitarian operations (Pettit and Beresford, 2009;Balcik et al, 2010;Stumpenhorst, Stumpenhorst, and Razum, 2011;Coles, Zhuang, and Yates, 2012). Consequently, there have been calls for greater transparency in and cost effectiveness of humanitarian operations and a closer examination of whether or not the needs of disaster-affected communities are being met (Saab, Maitland, and Tapia, 2008;Howden, 2009, Rodon, Maria Serrano, andGiménez, 2012).…”