Case Study of Endogenous Streptococcal Endophthalmitis in the Critical Care Setting

Reddy, Akshay J; Tak, Nathaniel; Martel, James B.

doi:10.7759/cureus.16192

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The clams that would have a greater feeding rate would be able to filter more food from the environment, leading to an increased rate of survivability in their environment. The mechanism of filter feeding mainly depends on the spacing of the gills in the clams [8,[11][12][13][14][15]. The two main sources of food for C. Fluminea in this experiment were algae and E. coli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

A Biological Analysis on the Invasiveness of the Corbicula Fluminea

Yeddula¹,

Reddy²,

Liu³

et al. 2021

Appl Cell Biol

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Corbicula fluminea is an invasive species that has been observed to outcompete the native clams at the American River located near Sacramento in the Central Valley in California. We hypothesized that C. Fluminea has advantages exhibited physically including utilization of filter-feeding methods and relative spacing of its cirri as compared to the native American River clams. To investigate what makes the species so successful, we tested C. Fluminea versus the native clams in algal and E.coli environments to predict the relative advantage of a filter feeder. In addition, we used computer programs to digitally analyze the spacing between the actual cirri, which help bivalves capture food particles, of the two species. The findings pointed towards C. Fluminea’s inherent advantage in both physical and genetic traits over the native clams species which allowed it to flourish and successfully invade the American River ecosystem. However, the species’ genetic findings are found through DNA analysis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

A Biological Analysis on the Invasiveness of the Corbicula Fluminea

Yeddula¹,

Reddy²,

Liu³

et al. 2021

Appl Cell Biol

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“…In this investigation, the authors attempt to develop an AI software that can be utilized to diagnose cases where patients have exudative or non-exudative macular degeneration in either their left eye, their right eye, or both eyes. Our investigation builds upon previous studies that have demonstrated how AI software can accurately diagnose macular degeneration within a patient [15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Clinical Wide-Field Retinal Image Deep Learning Classification of Exudative and Non-Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Tak¹,

Reddy²,

Martel³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease that currently affects approximately 196 million individuals and is projected to affect 288 million in 2040. As a result, better and earlier detection methods for this disease are needed in an effort to provide a higher quality of care. One way to achieve this is through the utilization of machine learning. A deep neural network, specifically a convoluted neural network (CNN) can be trained to differentiate between different types of AMD images given the proper training data.Methods: In this study, a CNN was trained on 420 Optos wide-field retinal images for 70 epochs in order to classify between exudative and non-exudative AMD. These images were obtained and labeled by ophthalmologists from the Martel Eye Clinic in Rancho Cordova, CA.Results: After completing the study, a model was created with 88% accuracy. Both the training and validation loss started above 1 and ended below 0.2. Despite only analyzing a single image at a time, the model was still able to accurately identify if the individual had AMD in both eyes or one eye only. The model had the most trouble with bilateral non-exudative AMD. Overall the model was fairly accurate in the other categories. It was noted that the neural network was able to further differentiate from a single image if the disease is present in left, right, or both eyes. This is a point of contention for further investigation as it is impossible for the artificial intelligence (AI) to extrapolate the condition of both eyes from only one image.Conclusion: This research fostered the development of a CNN that was able to differentiate between exudative and non-exudative AMD. As well as determine if the disease is present in the right, left, or both eyes with a relatively high degree of accuracy. The model was trained on clinical data and can theoretically be used to classify other clinical images it has never encountered before.

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“…Maybe future research can be conducted using artificial intelligence to address some of the issues with this drug [17]. Additionally, further research could be done to investigate chemical and physical forces in the body that could help understand more about the pharmacodynamics and the pharmacokinetics of the body [18][19][20]. These limitations need to be addressed in further research to improve the widespread use of the drug.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Drug and Antibody-Based Treatment Options for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Senthilraja¹,

Lou²,

Nakka³

et al. 2021

Appl Cell Biol

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Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by mutant PrP prion proteins, which accumulates and impairs the function of wild-type PrPc proteins. The interaction of prion proteins with wild-type proteins converts the PrPc proteins to mutant PrP proteins. These mutant prion proteins lead to neural tissue degradation and other nervous system problems that can eventually lead to death. The use of antibodies to target and destroy prion proteins can be used to decrease PrP levels that can stop CJD progression. The binding affinities of different anti-PrP Fab antibodies are analyzed to determine which antibody best binds to PrP proteins and targets them for destruction. Through antibody-based targeting of prion proteins, potential treatment methods could be developed for CJD. In addition, the use of drugs, such as quinacrine and doxycycline, also show short-term effects in decreasing the progression of CJD. These drugs extend the average lifespan of tested subjects with CJD but also lead to the development of drug-resistant prion proteins that eventually cause the death of the subject affected by CJD.

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Case Study of Endogenous Streptococcal Endophthalmitis in the Critical Care Setting

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

A Biological Analysis on the Invasiveness of the Corbicula Fluminea

A Biological Analysis on the Invasiveness of the Corbicula Fluminea

Clinical Wide-Field Retinal Image Deep Learning Classification of Exudative and Non-Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Exploring Drug and Antibody-Based Treatment Options for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

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