Cash for long‐term care: Policy debates, visions, and designs on the move

Roit, Barbara Da; Bihan, Blanche Le

doi:10.1111/spol.12506

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For example, cash for care policies can favour situations of optional familialism, but also, if they arise in a framework of scarce services in kind, they can reinforce a framework of implicit or explicit familiarism. 12,27,32 Other differences among countries are related to the level of education and the employment situation of the non-professional caregivers. Caregivers from Northern European countries (Sweden, Denmark and Finland) and also Austria have a much higher level of education than those in the rest of Europe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Economic Value of Non-professional Care: A Europe-Wide Analysis

Peña-Longobardo

Oliva‐Moreno

2021

Int J Health Policy Manag

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Background: This paper had two aims. Firstly, to provide a broader view of the profile of non-professional caregivers in Europe, and secondly, to estimate the economic value of the non-professional caregiving. Methods: The European Quality of Life Survey 2016/2017, carried out by Eurofound, was used. The target population of the survey was adults who care for a relative or friend in a total of 33 European countries. The opportunity cost method was used to estimate the economic value of caregiving, in which two of the activities forgone were analysed: paid activities (restricted to caregivers who were employed), for which the average gross wage of each country was used; and unpaid activities, for which the minimum gross wage of each country was used. Results: There were more than 76 million non-professional caregivers in Europe that provide care for a relative or friend. This figure represents 12.7% of the population in Europe. The estimated time devoted to non-professional care in Europe reached 72 301.5 million hours in 2016. Sharp differences were found among countries. The economic value of that time is estimated at 576 000 million of euros, which represented about 3.63% of Europe’s gross domestic product (GDP). Conclusion: This study shows the very important number of resources dedicated to the non-professional care of dependent people and their economic valuation. These results may be helpful in prospective analyses estimating future needs on professional and non-professional and for designing of long-term care (LTC) policies in Europe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Economic Value of Non-professional Care: A Europe-Wide Analysis

Peña-Longobardo

Oliva‐Moreno

2021

Int J Health Policy Manag

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“…La mayoría de los modelos incluyen el servicio de transferencias monetarias ( 35 ); sin embargo, su desarrollo ha sido poco favorable, tal como lo ilustra el SAAD que, luego de iniciar ampliamente con esta prestación, ahora prioriza concediendo servicios de base domiciliaria ( 10 ). Costa Rica lo incluye solo bajo condiciones particulares.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Cuidados de larga duración en Costa Rica: enseñanzas para América Latina desde la evidencia internacional

Chaverri-Carvajal

Matus-López

2021

Revista Panamericana De Salud Pública

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La creciente prevalencia de dependencia funcional derivada del envejecimiento acelerado y la transformación epidemiológica hace inevitable la implementación de nuevos sistemas de cuidados de larga duración (CLD) en las Américas. En marzo del 2021, Costa Rica se convirtió en el único país de ingresos medios en la Región que ha iniciado la aplicación de un sistema nacional de este tipo. En este artículo se compara el diseño del nuevo sistema de cuidados de larga duración de Costa Rica, con los sistemas de Australia, Dinamarca, España, Estados Unidos de América, Japón y Uruguay, y se identifican enseñanzas útiles para el desarrollo de otros sistemas de CLD en la Región. Se analizan cuatro aspectos: el marco legal, el acceso y la cobertura, los tipos de servicios, y los costos y la financiación. Para ello se realizó una revisión de la bibliografía científica y de informes nacionales e internacionales entre el 1 de enero del año 2000 y el primer día de abril del año 2021. El incipiente modelo sigue las principales tendencias de la experiencia internacional. Es progresivamente universal, prioriza la atención domiciliaria, incluye herramientas tecnológicas, crea parámetros de calidad para los servicios, incorpora transferencias monetarias para familiares que se desempeñan como cuidadores, inicia servicios de respiro y desarrolla formación para personas cuidadoras. No obstante, la evidencia internacional muestra que los modelos con menor financiamiento tienen baja cobertura y poca diversidad en servicios. La escasa generosidad fiscal, la ausencia de nuevas fuentes de recursos económicos y la debilidad jurídica arriesgan la ampliación, desarrollo y sostenibilidad del nuevo modelo en las Américas.

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“…In Korea, birth rates dropped below replacement level by the mid-1980s and fell to just 1.05 in 2017, rendering Korea a prime example of a “lowest-low” fertility country (Billari and Kohler, 2010). Much has been written about the family policies in the OECD countries, which have developed in response to the demographic transition and changing patterns of family life (Daly and Ferragina, 2018; Da Roit and Le Bihan, 2019; Dykstra and Hagestad, 2016; Daly et al, Forthcoming). These demographic and family changes are also emerging in the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries, where social policies in support of family life are less developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family life and the demographic transition in MENA countries: implications for social policy

Gilbert

Brik

2022

J. int. comp. soc. policy

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This paper reviews recent demographic and familial changes in the Middle East and North African countries (MENA), which parallel the developments associated with the second demographic transition that has transformed population profiles and family life in the more developed OECD countries. The emerging needs for family-oriented policies are analysed in relation to these changes. And the current levels of social protection in the MENA region are assessed along with the recent measures initiated in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper offers evidence of the demographic transition underway in the region, as many countries are experiencing declining fertility rates combined with an increase in life expectancy, which creates a rising old age dependency ratio. This in turn adds an additional burden of elderly dependents on the working age population and on the state’s capacity to care for elderly dependents, which generates an increasing need to expand social protection in the MENA region.

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Cash for long‐term care: Policy debates, visions, and designs on the move

Cited by 30 publications

References 32 publications

The Economic Value of Non-professional Care: A Europe-Wide Analysis

The Economic Value of Non-professional Care: A Europe-Wide Analysis

Cuidados de larga duración en Costa Rica: enseñanzas para América Latina desde la evidencia internacional

Family life and the demographic transition in MENA countries: implications for social policy

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