Cashew Tree Gum: A Scientific and Technological Review

Mothé, Cheila G.; Oliveira, Nathalia N.; Freitas, Jaqueline Souza de; Mothé, Michelle G.

doi:10.22161/ijeab/2.2.14

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In the literature, CG has been used for food, drug, and personal care applications [1][2][3]. Moreover, the hydrophobic modification of polysaccharides is useful for imparting special properties to the polysaccharides, such as emulsification, viscosity improvement and additive compatibility [7,8,16,17].…”

Section: Molecular Weight Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cashew gum (CG) is obtained as an exudate from the bark of the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.) [1][2][3]. It is native to Brazil and is cultivated in many countries such as Brazil, India, Nigeria and Kenya.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is native to Brazil and is cultivated in many countries such as Brazil, India, Nigeria and Kenya. The CG from Brazil is a low-viscosity acidic polysaccharide with the following sugar composition: 72-73% β-D-galactose, 11-14% α-D-glucose, 4.6-5% α-L-arabinose, 3.2-4% α-L-rhamnose, and 4.5-6.3% β-D-glucuronic acid [1]. It has a highly branched structure, with the main chains comprising 1,3-linked β-D-galactopyranosyl units interspersed with β-1,6-linked bonds [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CG from Brazil is a low-viscosity acidic polysaccharide with the following sugar composition: 72-73% β-D-galactose, 11-14% α-D-glucose, 4.6-5% α-L-arabinose, 3.2-4% α-L-rhamnose, and 4.5-6.3% β-D-glucuronic acid [1]. It has a highly branched structure, with the main chains comprising 1,3-linked β-D-galactopyranosyl units interspersed with β-1,6-linked bonds [1][2][3]. It has been used as a thickener, stabilizer, and emulsifier in food formulations; as a binder, excipient, disintegrant, encapsulant, suspension and emulsion agent; even as an active ingredient in pharmaceutical applications [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has a highly branched structure, with the main chains comprising 1,3-linked β-D-galactopyranosyl units interspersed with β-1,6-linked bonds [1][2][3]. It has been used as a thickener, stabilizer, and emulsifier in food formulations; as a binder, excipient, disintegrant, encapsulant, suspension and emulsion agent; even as an active ingredient in pharmaceutical applications [1][2][3]. Several derivatives of CG are known [3,4], but there have been few publications on CG modified with a long alkyl chain (providing strong hydrophobic interactions), except for one report written by us, where alkyl ketene dimer was grafted onto cashew gum with the help of 4-dimethylaminopyridine [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Hydrophobic Modification of Cashew Gum with Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cashew gum (CG) shows promise of being useful as an agro-based raw material for the production of eco-friendly and biodegradable polymers. In this work, we modified this water-soluble polymer with alkenyl succinic anhydride in order to attach a hydrophobic group to it. The modification used two reagents: octenyl succinic anhydride and tetrapropenyl succinic anhydride. Reactions were conducted at 120 °C using dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent, with conversions better than 88%. Samples with degrees of substitution (DS) between 0.02 and 0.20 were made. The resulting polymers were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, TGA, and GPC. The addition of the hydrophobe decreased the affinity of cashew gum for water absorption. Hydrophobically modified polysaccharides are often used as polymeric emulsifiers, thickeners, and compatibilizers; we anticipate that these new hydrophobically modified CGs may be used for the same applications.

show abstract

Section: Molecular Weight Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Hydrophobic Modification of Cashew Gum with Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Cashew nut and cashew apple: a scientific and technological monitoring worldwide review

Oliveira

Mothé

et al. 2019

J Food Sci Technol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cashew tree or Anacardium occidentale, a tropical tree native from Brazil, was introduced to Asia and Africa by European explorers in the sixteenth century. The world production of cashew nuts reached 4.89 million tons in 2016, with Vietnam being the largest producer of nuts. The cashew market is expected to remain strong due to high production growth in some areas, such as West Africa. Cashew production is potentially an important value for small farmers in emerging countries and there is an immense potential for cashew by-product exploitation that can add value to cashew agribusiness. The present work carries out a technological prospection in databases of patents and scientific papers mapping the applications of cashew nuts and cashew apple. It was possible to identify 2376 patent applications and 586 scientific publications on cashew nuts and cashew apple together. After the analysis of patents and scientific papers, it was possible to note that the cashew tree is a tree of multiple uses that can contribute in several industry sectors. Thus, the present study mapped the potentiality of applications of the various parts of the cashew, which allows adding value to the cashew agribusiness.

show abstract