Castor Epoxy Fatty Acid Alkyl Ester Estolides as Bioplasticizers for Poly(Vinyl Chloride)

Abstract

Epoxy fatty acid alkyl ester estolides were synthesized from castor oil to be used as biobased plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as a safer replacement for phthalate plasticizers. Initially, castor oil was transesterified with methanol or n‐butanol to quantitatively yield castor fatty acid alkyl esters. Acetylation of hydroxyl function with acetic anhydride led to the formation of estolide. The unsaturation was epoxidized, resulting in a bifunctional epoxy fatty acid alkyl ester estolide. The bioplasticizers were compounded with PVC and were evaluated for their functionality and compared with commercial phthalate plasticizer diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and nonphthalate 1,2‐cyclohexanoic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH). The bioplasticizers showed excellent gelation, efficiency, and compatibility, as well as plastisol viscosity and thermal properties, comparable to or better than the plastisols prepared with commercial controls DINP and DINCH. The volatility of the methyl ester was inferior to the butyl ester. Both compounds showed low water resistance properties. Further evaluation of the butyl ester under tropical conditions of high temperature and humidity confirmed limited compatibility. This indicates that the castor epoxy fatty acid ester estolides would be better suited for applications that do not come in contact with water for prolonged periods, such as flooring, artificial leather, wiring, or wall coverings.

Synthesis and application of environmental plasticizers based on benzene polyacid ester

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Synthesis of azelaic acid copolyester plasticizers and their application in PVC

“…Plasticizers can be inserted into polymer molecules to increase the distance between polymer molecules and reduce the intermolecular force, which can greatly improve the processability of PVC and make it have good weather resistance and mechanical properties. 16,23,[28][29][30][31][32] For a long time, the plasticizers used for PVC have mainly been phthalates, and the most widely used is dioctyl phthalate (DOP), 10,11,[33][34][35] but it is easy to migrate out and is toxic, which will affect the application performance of the product, and many animal experiments have shown that DOP is potentially carcinogenic, [36][37][38][39][40][41] and its application in most daily products has been banned in many countries. Therefore, the development of new non-toxic migration-resistant plasticizers has become a research hotspot.…”

Highly stable and highly stretchable poly(vinyl chloride)‐based plastics prepared by adding novel green oligomeric lactate plasticizers

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