Catalysis of the combustion of synthetic char particles by various forms of calcium additives

CaCo3 supported Co‐Fe catalysts for carbon nanotube synthesis in fluidized bed reactors

“…Finally, it is appropriate to discuss the influence of alkaline earth metals (AAEM) on the overall reactions involved in the synthesis of CNTs via CVD. AAEMs are known to influence the rate of gasification and oxidation of carbon materials; especially calcium oxide 52–54. The thermal decomposition of CaCO 3 at the temperatures used in this work will have formed calcium oxide, which may in turn, have increased the rate of carbon gasification in the reactor.…”

Effect of salt addition on hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass

“…Ca catalyses the combustion of synthetic chars [10], and greater catalytic effects are observed for calcium compared to magnesium [1]. The reaction scheme for coal with calcium magnesium acetate added has been described [2], but is expensive [11].…”

Effect of heterogeneous mechanisms during reburning of nitrogen oxide

“…The effects of calcium during oxidation of various solid carbonaceous materials has also been examined through a class of impregnation/ion-exchange techniques (Walker et al, 1979;Radovic et al, 1983;Hengel and Walker, 1984;Radovic et al, 1985;Levendis et al, 1989). In a study of the catalytic effects of ion-exchange of lignite on char oxidation, Walker et al found that the reactivity of various calcium-containing chars in air, CO, and water vapor increased linearly with increasing calcium.…”