Catalyst-Free Three-Component Synthesis, Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Docking Studies of Spiroindoline Derivatives
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Cited by 5 publications
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Review: synthesis and anticancer activity of pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines in the last twenty years
Pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline is a vital structural motif. The synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines has been a challenging topic in medicinal chemistry. A wide range of starting materials have been employed to achieve this nucleus such as quinoline derivatives and isatins. Multi-component one-pot synthestic approaches were employed either by using barbituric or thiobarbituric acid, amines and aldehydes or from 6-aminouracils, aldehydes and cyclohexanone derivatives. Recent synthetic strategies and many green chemistry techniques have improved pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines synthesis over the last twenty years. Among the many reported biological activities of pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines, anticancer activity attracted research attention over the past couple of decades. Many derivatives have shown promising anticancer activity on different cancer cell lines such as MCF-7, A549, K562 and others. They also demonstrated activity on different enzymes and receptors such as tyrosine kinases, tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase II and HDM2 ubiquitin ligase (E3) that promote apoptosis, repair DNA damage, and induce cell cycle arrest. This review critically examines the recent synthetic approaches employed for the synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines and explores their reported anticancer activities.
Review: synthesis and anticancer activity of pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines in the last twenty years
Pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline is a vital structural motif. The synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines has been a challenging topic in medicinal chemistry. A wide range of starting materials have been employed to achieve this nucleus such as quinoline derivatives and isatins. Multi-component one-pot synthestic approaches were employed either by using barbituric or thiobarbituric acid, amines and aldehydes or from 6-aminouracils, aldehydes and cyclohexanone derivatives. Recent synthetic strategies and many green chemistry techniques have improved pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines synthesis over the last twenty years. Among the many reported biological activities of pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines, anticancer activity attracted research attention over the past couple of decades. Many derivatives have shown promising anticancer activity on different cancer cell lines such as MCF-7, A549, K562 and others. They also demonstrated activity on different enzymes and receptors such as tyrosine kinases, tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase II and HDM2 ubiquitin ligase (E3) that promote apoptosis, repair DNA damage, and induce cell cycle arrest. This review critically examines the recent synthetic approaches employed for the synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines and explores their reported anticancer activities.
Isatin Derivatives: A Frontier in Antimicrobial Agents
Microbial infection is one of the major concerns for human health in the modern era. Condition is further worsening due to the development of resistance by the microbe against the available drugs. This problem can be overcome by synthesizing novel antimicrobial agents. Isatin is a promising moiety possessing antimicrobial activity. A number of isatin derivatives are present in the market for the treatment of microbial infection. In this review, we have tried to summarize isatin derivatives as antimicrobials, including numerous potent isatin analogs. The reported literature related to the development and application of isatin derivatives have been collected from electronic data bases like Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed by using key words like “design, synthesis and evaluation”, “isatin derivatives,” and “indoldione analogues” and related combinations. It was identified that isatin derivatives play an essential role in drug discovery and development. In recent years, isatin and its derivatives have shown promising antibacterial and antiviral properties. This review aims to provide an overview of the current research on isatin potential applications. Studies have shown that isatin derivatives can effectively fight against various types of microorganisms, such as gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. They also exhibit lower toxicity and better efficacy than standard antimicrobial agents. Moreover, isatin-based products have the potential to address the rising issue of antimicrobial resistance. The current work attempts to review such innovations, which may lead to the creation of novel therapeutic agents. More research is required to confirm their safety and effectiveness in clinical practice.
Multicomponent Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Spiroheterocycles using Bio-organic Catalyst in Aqueous Medium
Background: MCRs are one of the most significant tools in the synthesis of organic compounds. MCR is a rapid chemical technique that uses three or more reactants to produce products that sustain all structural and substructural properties of the initial components. MCRs are useful in all fields of synthetic chemistry because of their rapid rate of reaction, simple procedure and excellent yields. We reported an efficient and environmentally friendly domino approach for the synthesis of spiroheterocycles spiro annulated with indeno[1,2-b]quinoline. background: The spirooxindole scaffold has a significant structural role in several bioactive organic substances and pharmaceuticals like spirotryprostatin A and B, coerulescine, pteropodine horsfiline, alstonisine, elacomine, and rhynchophylline.5 Spiro heterocycle molecules, which have two rings that share a sp3 carbon atom, are key frameworks in pharmaceutical chemistry. They can be found in a wide range of both organic and synthetic materials as well as have several properties because of the rigidity and complexity of their structural design. Furthermore, spiroxindole is used as a key component in numerous medicines such as anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and inhibitors of the human NK-1 receptor Method: The spiroheterocycles with privileged heterocyclic substructures have been synthesized using taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) as a green, sustainable, bio-organic and recyclable catalyst in a three-component reaction of isatins, 1,3-diketones, and 1-napthylamine in aqueous media. The present synthetic method is probably the first report to synthesize spiroheterocycles, spiroannulated with indeno[1,2-b]quinoline. Furthermore, the approach is valuable because of the excellent yield that results from the reaction in 15-20 min. Result: The optimization of reaction conditions is an important case of efficient synthesis. The solvent, temperature, time and catalyst loading were all examined. The reusability of the catalyst was also investigated experimentally. The used catalyst taurine has a high activity as well as good reusability. The present synthetic protocol will be extended to synthesise a library of hybrid compounds. The present synthetic approach is cost-effective, and time-efficient with an easy-workup methodology that gives outstanding yields (80–95%) in 15–20 min. Conclusion: Taurine-catalyzed multicomponent reaction is a novel and efficient method for the synthesis of spiroannulated indeno[1,2-b]quinolines. The high catalytic activity of taurine as a catalyst with water as a green solvent makes the process environmentally friendly. The special features of the synthetic protocol include synthetic efficiency, operational simplicity, and reusability of the catalyst and it is expected to make significant contributions not only to drug discovery studies but also to pharmaceutical and therapeutic chemistry in view of introducing molecular diversity in the synthesized molecules. result: The current synthetic technique has various distinct characteristics, including simple procedure, high atom economy, mild reaction conditions and significant synthetic efficiency. The current synthesis method has been proposed to have contributed to the first report on the synthesis of spiroheterocycles with such a novel combination of preferred heterocycles employing taurine as a green bio-organic, reusable and easily recyclable catalyst. The benefits of this method include beneficial conditions in the environment, excellent purity that may be achieved without the need for column chromatography, and a reusable catalyst.
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