Catalytic abatement of CO species from incomplete combustion of solid fuels used in domestic cooking

Abstract

This study reveals a first time approach to catalytic based interventions primarily on indoor air pollution emanating from commercial and household solid fuel burning in a region in Nigeria. An intensive survey of the temperatures at different locations in the common stoves used for cooking was conducted so as to ascertain temperatures suitable for catalyst efficiency and stability. Furthermore, cobalt and iron based catalysts were prepared using ultra stable Y type zeolite as supports. The synthesized catalysts were characterized for its physico-chemical properties. The catalytic efficiency of the supported catalysts was tested using simulated exhaust gases in a fix bed reactor. The study further explored real time testing of the catalyzed ceramic monolith using two different wood species. First, the best catalyst in terms of simulated exhaust testing was selected. Consequently, a small layer of zeolite Y was deposited at 3% of the monolith weight to enhance the subsequent adhesion of the best catalyst powder to the structured monolith. Then to catalyze the zeolite Y wash-coated monolith with the cobalt precursor, the dip coating technique was used. From the results, the average values of temperatures observed from the surveyed cook stoves using wood and plant residue as fuel were confirmed to be in the range of 203–425 °C which is considered suitable for catalysts activity. The Co/ZY catalyst showed approximately 100% CO conversion (T100) at 250 °C for initial CO concentration of 1000 ppm, making it the most effective, while T100 was increased to 275 °C and 325 °C for Fe/ZY and Co-Fe/ZY catalyst respectively at an exhaust residence time of 20000 h−1. The catalytic converter in real time testing for CO abatement performed well for both wood species. Only minor differences have been noticed.

Forensic Studies on Spent Catalytic Converters to Examine the Effect of Diesel and B100 Pongamia Biodiesel on Emissions

“…The purpose of measurement of the dimensions of the slot was to compare the deposits in the spent CC with the new CC. The EDS results revealed that the primary elements present in the ceramic bed were O, Al, Si, Mg, Na, C, Pt, Pd, Rh, and C. The results are in accordance with the standard composition of an oxidation-reduction CC [24]. In theoretical scenarios, combustion of hydrocarbon fuel should produce CO 2 and H 2 O, but in actual conditions, the combustion process is oxygen deficient, resulting in the production of harmful pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons, and oxides of nitrogen and sulfur [25].…”

Effectiveness of a covered oil-free cooking process on the abatement of air pollutants from cooking meats

“…Therefore, range hoods, chimneys, and natural ventilation methods can provide limited improvements. Currently, there are various technologies for removing harmful cooking-induced emissions, such as activated carbon filter adsorption, high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters and electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) [ [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] ]. The best way to improve IAQ is by reducing source emissions by using better fuel sources, cooking methods, and cooking oils.…”

Catalytic Effects on the Nonisothermal Oxidation of Solid Fuels by Oxygen: An Experimental Study

“…These enhance the air circulation around the fuel improving the air-to-fuel ratio hence reducing the combustion emissions, as well as drawing out any released pollutant through the stack. Other stoves use a catalyst layer/mesh just above the solid fuel [11] to oxidise the toxic emissions during combustion while other fix the catalyst mesh in the stack of an improved cookstove [12] for the same purpose.…”