Catalytic Conversion of Biomass‐Derived 2, 5‐Dimethylfuran into Renewable p‐Xylene over SAPO‐34 Catalyst

Abstract

In this work, ∼75% selectivity to p‐xylene (pX) has been achieved from biomass‐derived 2, 5‐dimethylfuran (DMF) and ethylene over SAPO‐34. The pX selectivity reached a maximum after 12 h and maintained significantly stable when prolonging the reaction time. This might be due to the small Brønsted/Lewis ratio and the hierarchical structures of SAPO‐34. Stability tests suggested that SAPO‐34 may be resistant to deactivation under the optimized reaction conditions. Besides, it was found that SAPO‐11 showed similar catalytic performances to SAPO‐34. In summary, these novel SAPO catalysts might provide an alternative for the selective production of renewable aromatics from biomass‐derived feedstock.

Biobased C6-Furans in Organic Synthesis and Industry: Cycloaddition Chemistry as a Key Approach to Aromatic Building Blocks

“…Zeolites and modified zeolites are the most common type of catalysts for this transformation. The mechanism of this process was thoroughly studied both theoretically and experimentally. − Despite harsh reaction conditions, this transformation is a real breakthrough in the field of biomass aromatization since p -xylene is a compound of general importance for the chemical industry. …”

Efficient and sustainable production ofp-xylene from biomass-derived 2,5-dimethylfuran and ethylene using alkali metal doped phosphotungstic acid catalysts

“…This is likely due to the fact that a higher reaction temperature enhanced side reactions, e.g. the formation of DM, AP and oligomers, 22 which also can be seen in Fig. S4.…”

“…These results suggest that higher reaction temperatures promoted the conversion of DMF to produce a CH intermediate, which can further be transformed into PX. 18,22 However, by further increasing the reaction temperature, the DMF conversion improved slightly, while the PX selectivity decreased rapidly. This is likely due to the fact that a higher reaction temperature enhanced side reactions, e.g.…”

“…Previous studies have shown that the formation of coke on the catalyst surface is the main reason for the deactivation of solid acid catalysts. 11,19,22 As shown in Fig. 12a, the TGA analysis of the used Cs 1 H 2 PW conrmed that a considerable amount of carbon ($13.7 wt%) was deposited on the catalyst surface aer the rst trial.…”

“…7,12,13 During the past several years, many homogeneous and heterogeneous acid catalysts have been reported for the conversion of DMF and ethylene to PX. [14][15][16][17] In particular, various heterogeneous catalysts with the advantages of easy recovery and less environment pollution issues, have been explored for this reaction, such as zeolites (H-Y, H-BEA, H-USY, P-Beta, and SAPO-34) 14,[18][19][20][21][22][23] , bulk and supported metal oxides, 11,24,25 sulfonic acid modied mesoporous silica, 10 and supported heteropolyacids. 26 P-Beta was reported to have high catalytic activity, but required a high reaction pressure (6.2 MPa) and long reaction time (24 h).…”