Catalytic desulphurization of benzothiophene in an emulsion via in situ generated H2

Ng, Flora T. T.; Milad, I.K

doi:10.1016/s0926-860x(00)00647-5

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Potential of H 2 O as free radicals scavenger in noncatalytic reactions (reactions {5} to {8} in Figure ) was indicated earlier. The overwhelming evidence for the presence of reforming and WGS reactions was clearly confirmed in several studies. − …”

Section: Hydroprocessing Mechanism In Aqueous Phasementioning

confidence: 73%

“…In fact, in CO+SCW system, the reaction rate was higher than in H 2 +SCW suggesting that the hydrogen which originated from the source 1 and 2 (Figure ) was more reactive than from the source 3. In the study conducted by Ng and Milad on the HDS of BT, the hydrogen produced via WGS reaction was about seven times more reactive than the external H 2 . The transfer of hydrogen from SCW to reactants was also confirmed using D 2 O .…”

Section: Hydroprocessing Mechanism In Aqueous Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydroprocessing in Aqueous Phase

Furimsky¹

2013

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A large consumption of H 2 affects the overall economy of conventional hydroprocessing. The costs can be decreased by using water as the source of active hydrogen. This can be achieved under subcritical and supercritical water conditions providing that an active and stable catalyst is developed. Hydroprocessing in aqueous phase has been studied for potential applications in upgrading of high oxygen content feeds and heavy petroleum feeds to liquid hydrocarbons. The feeds were tested at temperatures ranging from less than 200 to 500 °C and total pressure from 1 to 30 MPa. These conditions cover subcritical and supercritical regions of water. Water takes part in hydroprocessing reactions as a free radical scavenger and a hydrogen donor. Hydrogen generated in situ via partial reforming and water−gas shift reactions is more reactive than external hydrogen. Catalyst development for hydroprocessing in aqueous phase has been receiving much attention. High performance was observed over the catalysts containing noble metals (Pt, Pd, Ru, and Rh) supported on various supports; however, the information on a long-term stability of these catalysts is limited.

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Section: Hydroprocessing Mechanism In Aqueous Phasementioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Hydroprocessing Mechanism In Aqueous Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroprocessing in Aqueous Phase

Furimsky¹

2013

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…When the exploited heavy oil is presented as emulsions through hot water extraction or steam injection, further demulsification and water/oil separation are needed prior to partial upgrading . Ng and her research group have proposed a single-stage process coupling the emulsion separation and partial upgrading by capturing the highly active in situ hydrogen produced from the water–gas shift reaction (WGSR). − This novel process is of great interest for a more efficient and economical partial upgrading of heavy oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure–Solubility Relationship of CO Dispersion in Model Hydrocarbon Liquids and Heavy Oil Fractions

et al. 2021

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The solubility of CO in heavy oils is an important parameter for designing and optimizing the partial upgrading process of heavy oil under CO/syngas and water. To study the structure–solubility relationship of CO dispersion in organic liquids, the solubility of CO in hydrocarbons ( n -hexane, n -octane, n -hexadecane, cyclohexane, toluene, and 1-methylnaphthalene), petroleum distillates, and residues from Canadian oil sand bitumen was measured at different temperatures and pressures. The dispersion behavior of CO in different molecules was simulated by the molecular dynamics calculation. The role of water on CO dispersion in these systems was also explored. Experimental data show that the increase of both paraffinic chain length and aromaticity of molecules could hinder the dissolution of CO. By theoretical calculation, it is found that n -hexadecane and 1-methylnaphthalene present the strongest self-aggregation tendency, resulting in the low interaction with CO. The intermolecular forces of hydrocarbons appear to be the key factor determining the CO solubility. The dissolved H 2 O molecules could weaken the intermolecular forces of hydrocarbons and thus increase the CO solubility. Based on the model system study, the solubility of CO in complex petroleum distillates and heavy residues is rationalized by their molecular composition, which is mainly dependent on the relative proportion of paraffins to aromatics.

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“…The use of dispersed catalysts to upgrade heavy oil and bitumen was patented in the M-Coke Process developed by Exxon [12]. In the development of our onestage bitumen/heavy oil emulsion upgrading process, we have carried out model compound studies on HDS [13,14] and aromatic hydrogenation [15]. The in situ generated H 2 was found to be more active for the HDS of benzothiophene [13,14] and the hydrogenation of naphthalene [15], but no HDN study was carried out with in situ H 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the development of our onestage bitumen/heavy oil emulsion upgrading process, we have carried out model compound studies on HDS [13,14] and aromatic hydrogenation [15]. The in situ generated H 2 was found to be more active for the HDS of benzothiophene [13,14] and the hydrogenation of naphthalene [15], but no HDN study was carried out with in situ H 2 . Since nitrogen removal is important in the upgrading of the heavy oil and bitumen, particularly for the downstream deep desulfurization, a study on the use of in situ generated H 2 and a dispersed Mo catalyst for HDN was carried out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%